A new method for energizing multi-radiofrequency ion trap electrodes with adjustable amplitude and identical phase maintenance
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Abstract A helical resonator with a certain resonant frequency and a high-quality factor (Q-factor)[1] is critical for an ion trap system, which results in a larger trap depth, longer trap time, and lower RF noise. Here we propose a new method for energizing amplitude-adjustable multiple RF ion trap electrodes. By dividing the output of the helical resonator into multiple circuits and simultaneously energizing the ion trap multi-RF electrodes, each circuit is composed of capacitors connected in series, and the desired amplitude is applied to the ion trap RF electrodes using capacitive voltage dividing. In contrast, the capacitance of the multi-RF capacitors connected in series is determined by three constraints. Different voltages for each circuit are realized while keeping the phase consistent. To demonstrate our proposed method in experiments, we first determine that the theory is feasible through circuit simulations and then confirm the method’s validity by comparing the measured results with the analog simulations. Our method can be applied to the ion trap structure of multiplexed RF electrodes, which contributes to the realization of ion traps for multiplexed RF electrodes.Keywords:
Trap (plumbing)
Trap (plumbing)
Ion trapping
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A novel, simple and accurate Single-Slope Capacitance-to-Digital Converter (SSCDC) suitable for differential capacitive sensors is presented in this paper. Differential capacitive sensors have two capacitors that vary in a push-pull manner with-respect-to the measurand. In many such sensors, the relationship between capacitance and measurand is non-linear. The proposed SSCDC accepts the sensor capacitances having non-linear characteristics, and provides a linear digital output directly proportional to the measurand (without employing a dedicated ADC) for the full range of input. It also provides a faster conversion rate when compared to its Dual-Slope CDC counterpart. Simulation studies and experimental results obtained from a prototype built and tested prove the efficacy of the proposed scheme. The worst case non-linearity was within 0.3%.
Linearity
Differential capacitance
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Gold and platinum nanocapacitors have been fabricated using a magnetron sputtering technique. TiO 2 is used as a dielectric material to separate the metal layers which act as the parallel plates for the capacitors. The thickness for metal films and TiO 2 layer is 80 nm and 400 nm, respectively. Capacitance of the nanocapacitors has been measured and dielectric constant of TiO 2 calculated. Both capacitance and dielectric constant are observed to have strong frequency dependence.
High-κ dielectric
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The growing demands of high-throughput, accurate and fast response biological or chemical sensors are driving the development of new detection technologies. This paper presents a micromechanical biosensor with capacitive read-out method. The proposed biosensor design consists of a fixed-fixed beam attached to an interdigitated capacitor. Implementation of the interdigitated capacitor design improves the sensitivity of the biosensor. The effects of the electrode thickness, length and the number of electrode fingers on the change of capacitance are investigated. The results show that the percentage change of capacitance is proportional to the number of the electrode fingers. Similarly, the increase in the length of the electrodes results in an increase in the percentage change of the capacitance. However, as the thickness of the electrode increases, the percentage change of the capacitance decreases.
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High voltage radio frequency (RF) supply is a critical part in the ion trap system. To predict the resonant frequency of the RF supply for the ion trap, we model the helical resonator and the ion trap as a lumped element circuit. Based on the model we present the construction process of a helical resonator. We measured resonant frequency for different loads. The experimental results are in good agreement with our model.
Trap (plumbing)
500 kHz
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This paper presents for the first time a novel concept for monitoring the resonant frequency of electrostatic MEMS tunable high-Q evanescent-mode cavity resonators through capacitance measurement. The proposed scheme relies on the fact that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the actuation capacitance C s and the resonant frequency f 0 . This relationship is derived theoretically using a spring-mass model. The proposed monitoring concept is then validated by static measurement using a capacitance meter. Discussions are given on implementing a dynamic monitoring scheme by using custom-designed integrated high-speed CMOS capacitance sensors.
Q factor
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The capacitive sensor designed based on interdigitated capacitor is studied as one of the methods to detect size and speed of droplets, which can be further applied in Lab-on-a-chipl microfluidic systems. The interdigitated capacitors in millimeter regime are studied, analyzed, designed, implemented and measured. The results of both simulation and measurement showed similar capacitance values. Then, the micrometer-scaled sensor is designed for further implementation with the silicon process. The Capsense evaluation board with capacitance to digital reader are used to monitor the capacitance from interdigitated capacitor. The principle to calculate speed and size of the droplets are also provided.
Micrometer
Capacitance probe
Variable capacitor
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Hysteresis
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This paper introduces an approach for decoding the pressure information exerted over a broad piece of fabric by means of capacitive sensing. The proposed sensor includes a distributed passive array of capacitors (i.e. an array where no active elements are involved), whose capacitance depends on the pressure exerted on the textile surface, and an electronic system that acquire and process the subsequent capacitance variations. Capacitors can be made in different ways, though, in our demonstrator they have been implemented between rows and columns of conductive fibers patterned on the two opposite sides of an elastic synthetic foam. Measures performed over a prototype has been demonstrated the reliability of the approach by detecting pressure images at 3 F/s and by measuring capacitances as low as hundreds of fF spaced apart at meters of distance.
Textile
Pressure measurement
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