Integrating tide-driven wetland soil redox and biogeochemical interactions into a land surface model
Benjamin N. SulmanJiaze WangSophia LaFond‐HudsonTeri O’MearaFengming YuanSergi MolinsGlenn HammondInke ForbrichZoë G. CardonAnne E. Giblin
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Redox processes, aqueous and solid-phase chemistry, and pH dynamics are key drivers of subsurface biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial and wetland ecosystems but are typically not included in terrestrial carbon cycle models. These omissions may introduce errors when simulating systems where redox interactions and pH fluctuations are important, such as wetlands where saturation of soils can produce anoxic conditions and coastal systems where sulfate inputs from seawater can influence biogeochemistry. Integrating cycling of redox-sensitive elements could therefore allow models to better represent key elements of carbon cycling and greenhouse gas production. We describe a model framework that couples the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) Land Model (ELM) with PFLOTRAN biogeochemistry, allowing geochemical processes and redox interactions to be integrated with land surface model simulations. We implemented a reaction network including aerobic decomposition, fermentation, sulfate reduction, sulfide oxidation, and methanogenesis as well as pH dynamics along with iron oxide and iron sulfide mineral precipitation and dissolution. We simulated biogeochemical cycling in tidal wetlands subject to either saltwater or freshwater inputs driven by tidal hydrological dynamics. In simulations with saltwater tidal inputs, sulfate reduction led to accumulation of sulfide, higher dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations, lower dissolved organic carbon concentrations, and lower methane emissions than simulations with freshwater tidal inputs. Model simulations compared well with measured porewater concentrations and surface gas emissions from coastal wetlands in the Northeastern United States. These results demonstrate how simulating geochemical reaction networks can improve land surface model simulations of subsurface biogeochemistry and carbon cycling.Keywords:
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The ocean has undergone several profound biogeochemical transformations in its 4-billion-year history, and these were an integral part of the coevolution of life and the planet. This review focuses on changes in ocean redox state as controlled by changes in biological activity, nutrient concentrations, and atmospheric O2. Motivated by disparate interpretations of available geochemical data, we aim to show how quantitative modeling-spanning microbial mats, shelf seas, and the open ocean-can help constrain past ocean biogeochemical redox states and show what caused transformations between them. We outline key controls on ocean redox structure and review pertinent proxies and their interpretation. We then apply this quantitative framework to three key questions: How did the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis transform ocean biogeochemistry? How did the Great Oxidation transform ocean biogeochemistry? And how was ocean biogeochemistry transformed in the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic?
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Biogeochemistry is a relatively new interdisciplinary field exploring the link between biotic and abiotic constituents. It investigates physical, chemical, geological, and biological reactions and processes that govern the biogeochemical cycles essential to sustain life on earth. Geosphere and biosphere are the two major components of the earth that play an imperative role in biogeochemical cycles, involving the transformation and fluxes of chemical elements and nutrients among different parts of the ecosystem. The geosphere on earth is around 4.54 billion years, and various indigenous and exogenous processes have resulted in the formation and evolution of the biosphere over 3.5 billion years. During the past few years, anthropogenic activities have significantly contributed to the biogeochemical processes, causing a cascade of changes to the earth's ecosystem. The current chapter focuses on important aspects of biogeochemistry concerning the geosphere, biosphere, natural and artificial biogeochemical cycles, different areas of biogeochemistry, and applications of biogeochemistry.
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In this study, I provided an in-depth understanding of sandy sediments, integrating microbiology and biogeochemistry. These findings break the paradigm of the conventional redox cascade in muds and provide novel insights into how microorganisms with different metabolic traits adapt to environmental disturbance. In addition, I describe the implications of this study for understanding marine biogeochemical cycling, as well as feedbacks from anthropogenic change operating at local and global scales.
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Abstract Globally significant quantities of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) enter freshwater reservoirs each year. These inputs can be buried in sediments, respired, taken up by organisms, emitted to the atmosphere, or exported downstream. While much is known about reservoir-scale biogeochemical processing, less is known about spatial and temporal variability of biogeochemistry within a reservoir along the continuum from inflowing streams to the dam. To address this gap, we examined longitudinal variability in surface water biogeochemistry (C, N, and P) in two small reservoirs throughout a thermally stratified season. We sampled total and dissolved fractions of C, N, and P, as well as chlorophyll-a from each reservoir’s major inflows to the dam. We found that heterogeneity in biogeochemical concentrations was greater over time than space. However, dissolved nutrient and organic carbon concentrations had high site-to-site variability within both reservoirs, potentially as a result of shifting biological activity or environmental conditions. When considering spatially explicit processing, we found that certain locations within the reservoir, most often the stream–reservoir interface, acted as “hotspots” of change in biogeochemical concentrations. Our study suggests that spatially explicit metrics of biogeochemical processing could help constrain the role of reservoirs in C, N, and P cycles in the landscape. Ultimately, our results highlight that biogeochemical heterogeneity in small reservoirs may be more variable over time than space, and that some sites within reservoirs play critically important roles in whole-ecosystem biogeochemical processing.
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The Laurentian Great Lakes are vast, spatially heterogeneous, and changing. Across these hydrologically linked basins, some conditions approach biogeochemical extremes for freshwater systems anywhere. Some of the biogeochemical processes operate over nearly as broad a range of temporal and spatial scales as is possible to observe in freshwater. What we know about the biogeochemistry of this system is strongly influenced by an intense focus on phosphorus loading, eutrophication, and partial recovery; therefore, some important biogeochemical processes are known in detail while others are scarcely described. These lakes serve as a life support system for tens of millions of people, and they generate trillions of dollars of economic activity. Many biogeochemical changes that have occurred have surprised us. Biogeochemistry affects how these lakes perform these functions and should be a higher research priority. ▪ The biogeochemical functioning of the Great Lakes affects tens of millions of people and trillions of dollars of economy, but our knowledge of their biogeochemistry is fragmentary. ▪ The history of environmental damage and recovery in the Great Lakes is long and includes many surprises. ▪ Large lakes such as the Great Lakes combine characteristics of small lakes and the world's oceans, making them worthy objects of study to advance fundamental understanding. ▪ The Great Lakes are understudied relative to their scale and importance.
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The theoretical basis of biogeochemical research of agrosphere was summarized. The practical directions of agro-ecological analysis of agricultural land which associated with the theory and methodology of biogeochemistry were considered. The concept of biogeochemical research agrosphere under formation biocentered agriculture has been described. The basic directions of biogeochemical studies of agricultural land were defined. These are the application of common methods of biogeochemical analysis of agricultural land use, study of biogeochemical cycles of chemical elements and their natural differentiation and agrogenic components. The basic methodological principles of biogeochemistry have been formulated, which is ensuring the objectivity and accuracy of research results dissemination of chemical elements in soils and the living matter of agricultural products, as well as their impact on health
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Owing to various human activities, arsenic (As) concentrations have increased in lakes and other aquatic ecosystems around the world. This increase of As concentrations has become a concern because of the known toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic effects of As on ecosystem organisms and humans. Understanding the biogeochemistry of As in the aquatic environment is therefore a topic of fundamental interest. This study presents a review of the major biogeochemical processes controlling the concentration of solid and dissolved As in freshwater lakes. These processes are dynamic and vary both temporally and spatially because of a complex relationship between microbial activity and various geochemical processes. Particularly the oxidation of As sulphides and the reduction of Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides at the sediment–water interface play an important role in the mobilization of As. These and other interactions among the various biogeochemical processes are synthesized in a conceptual model of As mobility in lakes.Key words: arsenic cycling, biogeochemistry, freshwater lakes.
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A scientific assessment of element interactions in the biosphere providing an up-to-date review of biogeochemistry and its effects on Earth's systems. Experts in biogeochemical cycling in atmospheric, land, freshwater and marine environments summarize and synthesize information in each discipline.
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