The role of silicon (Si) in increasing drought tolerance in wheat
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Abstract:
Global warming reduces surface water and dries out soils thus affecting wheat production by decreasing its grain yield and quality. Therefore, for ensuring global food security it is important to enhance drought tolerance in wheat. In this context, the alleviating effects of Silicon (Si) on drought stress has been observed in wheat. It has been reported that Si is also involved in physiological functions of wheat where it may improve antioxidant defense. Accordingly, Si fertilization could provide a relatively cheap method of improving wheat drought tolerance although Si is the second most abundant element, it is not readily available for uptake by plants. This study provides an overview of the currently available information on Si-mediated defense responses under drought stress.Keywords:
Drought Tolerance
Drought stress
The plant-specific NAC transcription factors play important roles in plant response to drought stress. Here, we have compared the expression levels of a subset of GmNAC genes in drought-tolerant DT51 and drought-sensitive MTD720 under both normal and drought stress conditions aimed at identifying correlation between GmNAC expression levels and drought tolerance degree, as well as potential GmNAC candidates for genetic engineering. The expression of 23 selected dehydration-responsive GmNACs was assessed in both stressed and unstressed root tissues of DT51 and MTD720 using real-time quantitative PCR. The results indicated that expression of GmNACs was genotype-dependent. Seven and 13 of 23 tested GmNACs showed higher expression levels in roots of DT51 in comparison with MTD720 under normal and drought stress conditions, respectively, whereas none of them displayed lower transcript levels under any conditions. This finding suggests that the higher drought tolerance of DT51 might be positively correlated with the higher induction of the GmNAC genes during water deficit. The drought-inducible GmNAC011 needs to be mentioned as its transcript accumulation was more than 76-fold higher in drought-stressed DT51 roots relative to MTD720 roots. Additionally, among the GmNAC genes examined, GmNAC085, 092, 095, 101 and 109 were not only drought-inducible but also more highly up-regulated in DT51 roots than in that of MTD720 under both treatment conditions. These data together suggest that GmNAC011, 085, 092, 095, 101 and 109 might be promising candidates for improvement of drought tolerance in soybean by biotechnological approaches.
Drought Tolerance
Drought stress
Drought Resistance
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Plant drought stress causes systematic changes to photosynthesis, metabolism, growth, and potentially the phytobiome. Additionally, drought affects plants in both a species-specific and water-deficit-driven manner, causing the response to drought to be dependent both on how drought is being experienced and on any adaptation to prior drought exposure. Thus, understanding the effect of drought on plants requires assessing drought response in multiple conditions, such as progressive acute drought and recurrent cyclic drought, and at different levels of severity. In this study, we have utilized RNA sequencing to identify changes to the plant transcriptome and the phytobiome during both acute progressive drought and cyclic drought at multiple severities. Co-analysis of the plant and phytobiome, utilizing the same RNAseq data, allows for the identification of novel associations that would not be possible otherwise. We have identified that the drought response ranges from increased transcripts related to photosynthesis and metabolic activity in mild acute drought to decreased transcripts related to photosynthesis and metabolic impairment in severe drought. Moreover, while water deficit is a main driver of transcriptional responses in severe drought, there are increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and photosynthetic transcripts in cyclic severe drought compared with acute severe drought, independent of water deficit. The phytobiome exhibits alternate responses to drought when compared with the transcriptome. Specifically, the phytobiome is affected more by the cyclic or acute nature of the drought rather than the severity of the drought, with the phytobiome having an increase in taxa under cyclic drought that are often reported to have beneficial effects on the plants. Lastly, we have identified associations between taxa in the phytobiome with expression of disease response, ROS metabolism, and photosynthesis transcripts suggesting interplay between the host plant and its phytobiome in response to drought.
Drought Tolerance
Drought stress
Plant Physiology
Ecophysiology
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Drought Tolerance
Drought stress
Drought Resistance
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Drought tolerance traits of 14 widely used Chinese rice maintainers were evaluated at flowering stages using both soil moisture meter and drying soil methods.Based on their drought-stress-caused fertility injury and water-supplying remedy,four ranks were classified as drought-insensitive,drought-resistant,drought-friability and drought-sensitive.Typical drought-insensitive maintainers K22-B,Jin 23-B and typical drought-sensitive maintainers Zhenshan 97-B,Zhong 9-B were selected to suffer drought treatments and to study their physiological responses to drought.The results indicated that the water potential of reproductive organs and flag-leaf transpiration rate were decreased by drought,but when compared with the drought-sensitive maintainers,the drought-insensitive maintainers showed a higher water potential which was decreased relatively slower with drought enhancing.There was no difference of photosynthetic rate between drought-insensitive and drought-sensitive maintainers under normal water condition,but the photosynthetic rate was decreased by drought treatment,and the decreases were bigger for drought-sensitive maintainers than for drought-insensitive maintainers.There was no significant difference between the two types of maintainers in pollen and anther number in drought condition(P0.05),and in pollen-fullness and germination rate on stigma.However,pollen number on stigma and opening degree of anther were decreased more in drought-sensitive maintainers than in drought-insensitive maintainers.Therefore,the drought-insensitive maintainers have a higher photosynthesis and higher photosynthate transportation efficiency than drought-sensitive maintainers.
Drought Tolerance
Drought stress
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This chapter will aim to explicate the challenges posed by global warming or the climate change conditions on food security especially from the point of view of India. The negative impact of global warming has been seen, especially in developing economies, on the agricultural yields leading towards food insecurity. The four pillars of food security (i.e., availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability) are having an impact on climate change. The present study will begin by highlighting the concept of global warming. It will further provide an overview of the Indian food security system followed by the impact of global warming on the food security level in India. The study will also highlight the global warming and food security scenario in the present situation of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in India.
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Abstract To elucidate genotypic differences expressed through the grain yield of drought‐stressed wheat, 21 commercial varieties and advanced lines were evaluated in the field under a range of soil water levels to induce varying degrees of drought stress. This paper presents data on grain yield and yield‐based indices to indicate drought tolerance and drought susceptibility. AZS‐4 was identified as drought tolerant and AZS‐17 and ‘Pavon’ as drought susceptible. High gram yield under stress can be explained in terms of high yield potential, thus grain yield proved to be the best indicator of drought tolerance.
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Drought stress
Drought Resistance
Water Stress
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Relative water content(RWC),cellmembrane stability and ability of resistance to wilting were high for drought resistant ramie genotypes under drought stress. With the increase of stress, Peroxidase activity in drought resistant genotypes changed from low to high whereas that in drought sensitive ones changed in the opposite direction. The proline content of drought-sensitive genotypes was higher than that of drought resistant ones under lower drought stress. The proline accumula tion in drought resistant genotypes was faster as comparedwith that in drought sensitive ones under more serious drought stress.
Ramie
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Wilting
Drought Resistance
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In this report,the expression of AsEXP1 gene was tested under drought stress among turf-grass species.The result showed significant correlation between AsEXP1 gene expression and drought tolerance.It is expressed in drought tolerant plants but silent in drought sensitive plants.Further analysis with turf-grass‘PennA-4’,a heat tolerant but drought sensitive grass species,revealed that the induced AsEXP1 by heat was beneficial for plants to tolerate drought stress.
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Drought stress
Drought Resistance
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Validation of Candidate Markers Drought Tolerance in Soybean Genotypes under Normal and Drought Stress Condition
Drought stress
Drought Tolerance
Water Stress
Drought Resistance
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The method of randomized block design was used under the ordinary treatment and drought pressure treatment,and the analysis and evaluation of drought tolerance of 47 inbred lines in maize were studied.The results showed that: it was fortissimo of drought tolerance that there were Ying64,478,Ye52106;it was stronger of drought tolerance that there were 38-11,Mo17,Ji853,Zi330,III.Hy,Huang C,Shen5003,444,Lx9801,Dan340,Zheng58,C103,Zheng22,Ji63,X178 under severe drought stress conditions;it was fortissimo of drought tolerance that there were Ying64,38-11,Qi319;it was stronger of drought tolerance that there were Mo17Ht,Zheng58,K12,L289,Tangsipingtou,444,478,Shen5003 on moderate drought stress conditions.
Drought Tolerance
Drought stress
Inbred strain
Drought Resistance
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