Diabetes Mellitus Secondary to Endocrine Diseases: An Update of Diagnostic and Treatment Particularities
Mihaela Simona PopoviciuLorena PăduraruRaluca Marinela NutasAlexandra Maria UjocGalal YahyaKamel MetwallySimona Cavalu
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Abstract:
Secondary diabetes mellitus is frequently ignored in specialized literature. In this narrative review, the main endocrinopathies accompanied by increased glycemic values are identified, as well as the mechanisms by which the excess or deficiency of certain hormones impact beta cell function or insulin resistance. The main endocrinopathies (acromegaly, Cushing’s syndrome, Basedow–Graves’ disease, pheochromocytoma, somatostatinoma and glucagonoma) and their characteristics are described along with the impact of hormone changes on blood sugar, body mass index and other parameters associated with diabetes. The overall information regarding the complex molecular mechanisms that cause the risk of secondary diabetes and metabolic syndrome is of crucial importance in order to prevent the development of the disease and its complications and particularly to reduce the cardiovascular risk of these patients. The purpose of this study is to highlight the particular features of endocrine pathologies accompanied by an increased risk of developing diabetes, in the context of personalized therapeutic decision making. The epidemiological, physiopathological, clinical and therapeutic approaches are presented along with the importance of screening for diabetes in endocrine diseases.Keywords:
Endocrine disease
Endocrine disease
Endocrine surgery
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Endocrine disease
Endocrine surgery
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Endocrine disease
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Endocrine disease
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Endocrine disease
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Endocrine disease
Endocrine surgery
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Endocrine diseases are frequently accompanied by diabetes mellitus and treatment of an underlying endocrine disease often improves glucose control. The co-occurrence of acromegaly and Cushing's syndrome is extremely rare. We herein describe a patient who showed a dramatic improvement in glucose control following treatment for co-existing acromegaly and Cushing's syndrome. An adrenal mass was incidentally discovered during a routine evaluation of a 56-year-old woman who was subsequently diagnosed with acromegaly and a unilateral cortisol-producing adrenal adenoma. Her blood glucose was poorly controlled despite receiving high-dose insulin therapy. After undergoing adrenalectomy for Cushing's syndrome, her insulin dosage was decreased by almost 50%. The insulin treatment was discontinued following the treatment of acromegaly.
Endocrine disease
Adrenal adenoma
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The reproductive endocrine system is controlled and regulated by the neuroendocrine system.Various female reproductive endocrine diseases will appear while the reproductive endocrine system and neuroendocrine are abnormal.Steroid hormone therapy is a major treatment for them.This paper reviews the steroid hormone classification,its mechanism and specific usage in female reproductive endocrine disease.
Endocrine disease
Sex steroid
Steroid hormone
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Endocrine disease
Endocrine surgery
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The study of cases of endocrine system disease is still one of the difficult areas of clinical medicine and the description of each individual case is of considerable interest. Therefore, we consider it necessary to describe one rare case of endocrine system disease in a child, which was observed in our clinic.
Endocrine disease
Rare disease
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