Deep eutectic solvents with ultrasonic energy as an environmentally benign and green approach for the synthesis of bisthioglycolic acid derivatives
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AbstractThe present methodology explored the effectiveness and versatility of deep eutectic solvent with ultrasonic energy as an eco-friendly protocol for the synthesis of bisthioglycolic acid derivatives. Bisthioglycolic moiety holds its role as a potent scaffold in sulfur-containing drugs. The presented strategy offers significant advantages such as green catalyst as well as solvent, excellent yield, short reaction time, and simple reaction workup. This methodology shows a wide range of substrate scope that contain both electron-donating as well as electron-withdrawing groups.KEYWORDS: Ultrasonic energygreen chemistrybisthioglycolic aciddeep eutectic solventcarbon–sulfur bond formation AcknowledgmentRK & JKR are thankful to SERB New Delhi for the research grant (TAR/2022/00520). PS gratefully acknowledges the National Research Foundation (SA) for a Competitive grant for rated researchers (Grant Number: SRUG2204092857). The authors are also thankful to the IKGPTU, Kapurthala for providing all the necessary research facilities.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by National Research Foundation (SA): [Grant Number SRUG2204092857]; Science and Engineering Research Board: [Grant Number TAR/2022/00520].Keywords:
Deep eutectic solvent
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A friendly benign, green, rapid and facile strategy for synthesis a series of arylquinoxalines was achieved by condensation of aromatic 1,2-diamines with arylglyoxals under clay-catalyzed as an inexpensive and eco-friendly catalyst using grindstone chemistry. Significant decreases in reaction times and high yields have been observed by this green chemistry approach in comparison with previously reported using toxic solvents and reflux conditions. The improved method described herein is economical, environmentally friendly, easily-operated due to solvent-free and easy work-up conditions.A friendly benign, green, rapid and facile strategy for synthesis a series of arylquinoxalines was achieved by condensation of aromatic 1,2-diamines with arylglyoxals under clay-catalyzed as an inexpensive and eco-friendly catalyst using grindstone chemistry. Significant decreases in reaction times and high yields have been observed by this green chemistry approach in comparison with previously reported using toxic solvents and reflux conditions. The improved method described herein is economical, environmentally friendly, easily-operated due to solvent-free and easy work-up conditions.
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Considerable stress to replace a lot of volatile organic compounds which were used as solvents in synthetic organic chemistry has been done for many chemical industries. A suitable solution for these problems is found by using the ionic liquids as a clean medium of working and avoiding the solvent effect. The present work describes a facile and green ultrasound-assisted procedure as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional methods for the preparation of a series of 26 new functionalized imidazolium-based ionic liquids. Their structures were characterized by FT-IR, 1H, 13C, 11B, 19F, 31P NMR and mass spectra.
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The eutectic mixture of KCl–K2SO4–Na2SO4 system is a crucial factor causing buildups in preheating-decomposition systems during the drying process. The lower the melting point of the melts is, the larger the capability of powdery mass that sticks in the melt is, therefore, the greater effects on buildups. The temperature range of the eutectic mixture formation for KCl–K2SO4–Na2SO4 system was tested and illustrated by chemical agents and an experimental electrical stove. The results show that, for the three-component system comprising KCl–K2SO4–Na2SO4, the eutectic point is less than 800 ℃,while the minimum eutectic point is less than 500 ℃. The major range of the eutectic point is 500 — 700 ℃. The eutectic point is lower at a higher content of Na2SO4, indicating that the Na2SO4 has a greater effect on buildups than K2SO4.
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Cuprous chloride (CuCl) is extensively used as a catalyst in organic synthesis, and as a desulfurising, decolourising and deodorising agent in the petroleum industry. The traditional synthesis of CuCl nanocrystal powders, which has already caused a big problem in the environment, was via reducing copper(II) by using different additives and a quantity of concentrated acid. In this paper, we report an ecologically and environmental friendly route to prepare nanocrystalline CuCl powders, simply by using the CuCl2 and copper powders in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) at room temperature. The obtained CuCl nanocrystals were characterised by XRD, SEM and XPS techniques, and a possible formation mechanism was also proposed.
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Copper chloride
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Ni3Al has been considerable research area due to its high temperature behavior increasing strength with increasing temperature. A series of directional solidification studies showed that the eutectic occurred between g’/b and the metastable eutectic of g/b forms under slightly different conditions, however, it is not well established whether the eutectic is composed of g/g‘, g’/b, or g/b . In order to understand solidification behavior of the eutectic structure, directional solidification experiments have been carried out with solidification rate near the Ni3Al composition in this study. The effects of the solidification rate and composition on formation of the equilibrium and metastable eutectics have been discussed. The (g’+g) coupled phase was also shown to form with the eutectic at the solid/liquid interface.
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Abstract An unsymmetrically substituted quaterthiophene with two terminal ferrocenyl groups was prepared as a long π-conjugated system. Electrochemical and spectroscopic studies were carried out to evaluate the electronic and/or electrostatic communication between the two terminals. The one-electron oxidation would occur at one ferrocene moiety specified due to the unsymmetry of the oligothiophene moiety. The one-electron oxidizing species extended into the oligothiophene moiety apparently interacts with the other terminal ferrocene moiety.
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We synthesized [2]rotaxanes with a pyrrole moiety from a [2]rotaxane with a 1,3-diynyl moiety. The conversion of the 1,3-diynyl moiety of the axle component to the pyrrole moiety was accomplished by a Cu-mediated cycloaddition of anilines. The cycloaddition reaction was accelerated when the [2]rotaxane was used as the substrate. The effect of the structure of the pyrrole moiety on the rate of the shuttling was studied.
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The choline chloride (ChCl) and ethylene glycol (EG) mixture has become established as a paradigmatic deep eutectic solvent (DES). Here, we present measurements of the phase behaviour of this mixture over a wide composition range, and provide an extended phase diagram. The eutectic point was found to lie at -28 ± 1 °C and 0.01 <
Choline chloride
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Choline
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The present investigation is concerned with an anomalous eutectic reaction which takes place at a temperature lower than their ordinary eutectic points, provided that the eutectic system contains at least an intermetallic compound as one of the components. These experiments were carried out for the system of iron and silicon. It was found out that there are two kinds of diffusion rates of silicon into iron, which suggests that a liquid with concentration near to the composition of the compound FeSi is able to coexist with primary solid solutions of iron and silicon at a temperature lower than the ordinary eutectic points.
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Objective To develop a new series of hydroxyethylamine (HEA) BACE1 inhibitors with nitrogen heterocyclic moiety at N-terminal and find new N-terminal moiety for enhancing BACE1 inhibition activity. Methods New HEA compounds with nitrogen heterocyclic moiety at N-terminal were synthesized and evaluated as BACE1 inhibitors,with (-)-epigallocatechin-3gallate EGCG as a positive control. Results All new compounds were characterized by 1H NMR and ESI-MS. Evaluation of BACE1 inhibition activity showed that the compound Ⅰ6 with indole moiety at N-terminal had BACE1 inhibition activity. Conclusion The results suggested that the indole moiety at N-terminal interact with S2 pocket of BACE1 and be favorable for enhancing BACE1 inhibition activity, Thus, the indole moiety at N-terminal can be used as lead structure for further finding more effient BACE1 inhibitors.
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