Bridging the Domain Gaps in Context Representations for k-Nearest Neighbor Neural Machine Translation-Nearest Neighbor Neural Machine Translation
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Zhiwei Cao, Baosong Yang, Huan Lin, Suhang Wu, Xiangpeng Wei, Dayiheng Liu, Jun Xie, Min Zhang, Jinsong Su. Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2023.Keywords:
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Neural machine translation (NMT) has recently become popular in the field of machine translation. However, NMT suffers from the problem of repeating or missing words in the translation. To address this problem, Tu et al. (2017) proposed an encoder-decoder-reconstructor framework for NMT using back-translation. In this method, they selected the best forward translation model in the same manner as Bahdanau et al. (2015), and then trained a bi-directional translation model as fine-tuning. Their experiments show that it offers significant improvement in BLEU scores in Chinese-English translation task. We confirm that our re-implementation also shows the same tendency and alleviates the problem of repeating and missing words in the translation on a English-Japanese task too. In addition, we evaluate the effectiveness of pre-training by comparing it with a jointly-trained model of forward translation and back-translation.
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In his paper ZHANG Jian-zhang in the History of Tang Dynasty,CHEN Guang-chong makes a detailed analysis of the life and works of ZHANG Jian-zhang,a famous bureaucrat in late Tang Dynasty.There are some problems in CHEN Guang-chong's paper such as records of events and publishing time of BEI MENG SUO YAN,the relationship between ZHANG Jian in JIU TANG SHU and ZHANG Jian-zhang in BEI MENG SUO YAN.Using relevant historical materials as well as epiraph for ZHANG Jian-zhang for reference,this paper makes an analysis of CHEN Guang-chong's paper ZHANG Jian-zhang in the History of Tang Dynasty and corrects some mistakes.
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Jian
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In neural machine translation (NMT), the most common practice is to stack a number of recurrent or feed-forward layers in the encoder and the decoder. As a result, the addition of each new layer improves the translation quality significantly. However, this also leads to a significant increase in the number of parameters. In this paper, we propose to share parameters across all the layers thereby leading to a recurrently stacked NMT model. We empirically show that the translation quality of a model that recurrently stacks a single layer 6 times is comparable to the translation quality of a model that stacks 6 separate layers. We also show that using pseudo-parallel corpora by back-translation leads to further significant improvements in translation quality.
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Because of varied reasons,Minister Zhang Mi of South Tang Dynasty had been called Zhang Yuan-mi.According to historical evedients,Zhang Mi and Zhang Yuan-mi is the same person.Now we give it some new proofs.
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The history of literature rewrote Zhang Ailing, but it didn’t understand her in full scale. Zhang’s works are not pure popular literature, but their popular feature is notable. Zhang and her woks also acquired the commercial style. The commercial operation accelerated the upsurge of Zhang Ailing, but it also had the negative influence.
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Feature (linguistics)
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With collection and publication of Zhang Yuan-ji's works and information,researchers paid more attation to zhang yuan-ji after 1980s.Those researches included: comparing Zhang Yuan-ji with the person in same times;Zhang Yuan-ji and saving and collection of old works,Zhang Yuan-ji and political activities in earlier time,ZhangYuan-ji and mordern edcation and so on.Although we had gained achivements,we must further work hard in belowing problem: going on pulication of zhangyuanji's resource;deeply researching zhangyuanji and other people;paying attetion to mordern pulications.
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During prosperous Tang Dynasty (Kaiyuan,713-742),two prime ministers,Zhang Yue and Zhang Jiuling administrated Tang government,a poet whose name Wang Wei recommended himself and made fiends with them,this is an important event in the prosperous Tang Dynasty parnassus.General thinking,Wang Wei took the form to Zhang Jiuling and was promoted by Zhang Jiuling,and didn't know or denied to Zhang Yue.This paper decides that Wang Wei ever appealed to Zhang Yuae from his works and historical materials.
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Prime minister
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Zei Qing Hui Zuan,the well-known literature in modern times,is an indispensable reference book to study the history of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.There is little information available for the editor Zhang Dejian,with difficulty in searching for information involved.In recent years some facts have been found directly related to Zhang Dejian,from which Zhang's life can be witnessed and death speculated.
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The famous appellation “three Zhang two Lu and one Zuo” was an important group of writers in the resurgent period of early Jin Dynasty.Zhang Zai,Zhang Xie and Zhang Kang were referred to as “tribrother Zhangs”.About their fathers name,however,there were two different versions in historical records as Zhang Mu and Zhang Shou which resemble each other in appearance as Chinese characters Zhang Mu and Zhang Shou.In fact,a lot of historical documents demonstrate that the name of the tri Zhangs father was Zhang Mu not Zhang Shou.Certainfying this version helps us to understand the life and official career of Zhang Zai as well as the literary creation of him and Zhang Xie.
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Being a famous poet in the history of Chinese contemporary literature,Xu Zhimo's divorce with Zhang Youyi is thought to be an important respect for the study of his life ideology.Almost all of the biographers and researchers insisted that the appearance of Lin Huiyin drove Xu to make the divorce.In fact,they just ignored another important person,Zhang Junli,the second eldest brother of Zhang Youyi.Due to his kindhearted reconcilement,Zhang went abroad to meet with Xu,which directly lead to the divorce of them.This result was of course out of the expectations of Zhang Junli but was within the expectations of Xu Zhimo who determined to be the first person in China to make a divorce to the arranged marriage to challenge the feudalist customs.
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Kindness
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