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    A metalophilic, anion-trapped composite gel electrolyte enables highly stable electrode/electrolyte interfaces in sodium metal batteries
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    The dissolution of minerals in water is typically studied on macroscopic length- and time-scales, by detecting dissolution products in bulk solution and deducing reaction rates from model assumptions. Here, we report a direct, real-time measurement of silica dissolution, by monitoring how dissolution changes the first few interfacial layers of water in contact with silica, using surface-specific spectroscopy. We obtain direct information on the dissolution kinetics of this geochemically relevant mineral. The interfacial concentration of dissolution products saturates at the level of the solubility limit of silica (~millimolar) on the surprisingly short timescale of tens of hours. The observed kinetics reveal that the dissolution rate increases substantially with progressing dissolution, suggesting that dissolution is an auto-catalytic process.
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    Abstract Thorium oxide is poorly soluble: unlike uranium oxide, concentrated nitric acid medium is not sufficient to get quantitative dissolution. Addition of small amounts of fluoride is required to achieve thorium oxide total dissolution. The effect of several parameters on thorium oxide dissolution in order to optimize the dissolution conditions is reported in this paper. Thus the influence of solid characteristics, dissolution method, temperature and composition of dissolution medium on ThO 2 dissolution rate has been studied. No complexing agents tested other than fluoride allows total dissolution. Beyond a given HF concentration a decrease of the dissolution rate is observed due to the formation of a precipitate at the solid/solution interface. It was demonstrated by XPS measurements that this precipitate is constituted of thorium fluoride (ThF 4 ) formed during the ThO 2 dissolution. The low concentration of HF required to achieve a total dissolution and the activation energy value measured tends to show a catalytic effect of HF on the dissolution process.
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    In this paper the theoretical background of dissolution determining the oral administration, the physicochemical and physiological factors influencing the rate of dissolution, the relation between solubility and dissolution, the most important pharmacopoeial and miniaturized dissolution measurements and finally the dissolution in biorelevant media are reviewed.
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    The wetting behavior of SiC by molten Al and Al-Mg alloys using the sessile-drop testing equipment was investigated. The results showed that Mg has a remarkable influence on the wettability and reaction in the Al/SiC system. The contact angle between SiC substrate and molten Al-Mg alloys decreased more quickly with increasing of Mg content. The transition temperature from non-wetting to wetting dropped with increasing of Mg content, suggesting that the addition of Mg does promote the wettability of SiC by molten Al. The role of the Mg addition on the wetting was presumably attributed to its deoxidation as well as the inhibition of the interfacial reaction between Al and SiC.
    Wetting transition
    Autophobicity or pseudo partial wetting, a phenomenon of a liquid not spreading on its own monolayer, is characterized by an energy barrier that prevents the growth of a wetting film beyond the monolayer thickness, which additionally may have an impact on the conditioning performance of films.
    Wetting transition
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