Ecotourism impacts on reef fishes in a marine reserve during the COVID ‐19 era
Manuel Olán‐GonzálezHéctor Reyes‐BonillaIsabel Montserrat Arreola-AlarconRegina Valdovinos UribeDamien Olivier
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Abstract:
Marine reserves generally permit ecotourism within their boundaries as a source of income for local communities, but the impacts of ecotourism on wildlife are still poorly understood. The lockdown resulting from the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020 provided a unique opportunity to evaluate wildlife diversity in the absence of human activity. In a marine reserve in Mexico, we monitored fish assemblages before, during, and immediately after the lockdown to examine ecotourism impacts on fish assemblages. Our results show that fish density rose 2.5‐fold during the lockdown, suggesting that ecotourism activities alter fish behavior. We suggest that the presence of divers and noise pollution generated by recreational vessels are important disturbance factors. In the absence of human activity, however, some fish may be more bold (hide less often) or may return to the reserve after having retreated to more tranquil (deepwater) areas. We hope that our findings spur efforts to improve the health of marine reserves through the establishment of effective management strategies to mitigate ecotourism impacts.Keywords:
Marine reserve
Trusted by Huizhou City Forestry Bureau of Guangdong Prov. With the study of the state of wildlife resources and the wildlife protection, we carried out the integrated investigation of wildlife resources in Xiangtoushan Natural Reserve during the period from May to June,1999. 203 species belonging to 4 classes,25 orders,9 families are recorded. Among them, 19 species belong to Amphibia, 42 to Reptilis, 113 to Aves, and 29 to Mammalia. And 25 species belong to National important protected wildlife of China. According to the geological division, this natural reserve is part of Fujiang-Guangdong coastland sub district,South China district,Oriental Kingdom; So 157 of the species are Oriental ones. The state of wildlife resources and their distribution are discussed. At last, some good suggestions are provided to promote the wildlife conservation and management.
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The framework of ecotourism planning in nature reserve is established.This paper takes Maoershan National Nature Reserve as an example and discusses the ecological ideal from ecotourism planning region,ecotourism position,functional division,ecotourism products and items,resources protection,public education system,ecotourism management and so on.
Position (finance)
National nature reserve
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The rapidly increasing interest in using marine reserves as a conservation and resource management tool has been accompanied by increasingly vocal opposition to the idea of reserves. In particular, local and regional efforts to develop networks of marine reserves often face opposition from some stakeholder groups that claim little or no evidence exists to show if reserves will work at a particular location. In this paper I show that many of these perceptions about what we know about how well reserves will work at a particular location are incorrect. Comparisons of reserve effects across broad geographic distributions show surprisingly similar results despite dramatically different biological compositions of the reserves. Therefore, the aggregate within-reserve response can be expected to be similar across a wide range of underlying biological conditions. However, nearly all marine reserves to date have been placed around coral or temperate rocky reef substrate, emphasizing the value of these habitats but suggesting that further research is needed into how organisms in other habitats will respond to reserve protection, particularly for estuarine habitats.
Marine reserve
Marine protected area
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Marine reserve
Population viability analysis
Extinction probability
Extinction (optical mineralogy)
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No-take marine reserves are essential for scientific monitoring, likely to contribute to the sustainability of targeted species, help to buffer biodiversity loss due to climate change impacts, and provide public education, tourism and diverse economic benefits to local communities. However, the establishment of no-take marine reserves has been a contentious policy in several countries because of a perception that recreational fishers are opposed to reserves. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether negative perceptions about reserves are widespread amongst recreational fishers, and whether perceptions change after the reserve has been created. In this study, recreational fishers were surveyed in ten Australian marine parks to determine levels of support and beliefs about the benefits and costs of no-take marine reserves. A 'space-for-time' approach was used to explore whether support is higher in older reserves. The results suggest that most recreational fishers who fish in established marine parks are supportive of the no-take marine reserves within them. On average, 63.3% of fishers support no-take marine reserves in their marine park, and 17.8% are opposed. Further, recreational fishers' support for no-take marine reserves increases markedly with reserve age. This research indicates that most recreational fishers are supportive of no-take marine reserves within marine parks and that support increases over time. • Australian recreational fishers' attitudes towards marine reserves are evaluated. • Most fishers' are supportive of existing no-take marine reserves. • Fishers support for marine reserves increases with reserve age. • Most fishers' have positive beliefs about environmental benefits of reserves. • Perceived impacts of reserves on fishing experiences are minimal.
Marine reserve
Marine protected area
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This paper reviewed the current status and analyzed the main problems of ecotourism in the nature reserves in our country.The main problems included the un-smooth management mechanism,the destruction of natural resources and landscapes,the imbalance of development pattern,and lack of scientific planning.As a result,recommendations were made for prepare nature reserve ecotourism plan,including national nature reserve ecotourism development plan and nature reserve ecotourism management plan.Moreover,it provided main issues when these two kinds of ecotourism plans were under preparation.
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Abstract The aim of this article is to study the early effects of a recent marine reserve on the fish population, the Palavas Coastal Marine Reserve (PCMR), created in 2016 on fishermen initiative. This recent reserve, covering 100 ha and located 2.6 km from the coast at N 43°30.6845, E 3°58.4635, constitutes almost entirely a protected zone, with a ban on any fishing activity. The abundance of the fish populations and the size and biomass of the target species have been studied for the period of the first 4 years of protection. An inventory of fish populations was carried out using the scuba diving transect method in the rocky substrate of three zones: a large enhanced protection zone (EPZ) where only navigation was allowed,, a small restricted zone (RZ), where scuba diving was admitted, and an off-reserve zone (ORZ). Monitoring of this recent reserve shows significant increases in overall abundance and changes in population assemblages within the third year of protection. The biomass of target species tripled in the EPZ showing a refuge effect despite the fact that the fishing ban was not always respected during this implementation period. However, the behaviour patterns of the fish, which are more or less fearful of divers depending on the study area, do not offer an adequate basis for determining differences in populations between the EPZ and the RZ.
Marine reserve
Scuba diving
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Community-based ecotourism is in favor of conservation and sustainable development of the certain natural reserve.During investigating and analyzing the ecotourism in the Tianbaoyan Nature Reserve,we applied the method which combined status survey with questionnaire survey,and found that in the process of developing Tianbaoyan Nature Reserve' ecotourism,the participation rate of the community was very low,the tourism interest was not also highly obvious,and the conservation lacked stimulating mechanisms to guide the local people to protect resources in the area.Thus,based on the present situation,we brought out some effective measures to promote local ecotourism to healthily develop.
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Wildlife recreation – hunting, fishing, and wildlife watching – appears to be an increasingly important past time for many Americans as people continue to increase their spending on wildlife recreation. Land lease and ownership expenditures by wildlife recreation participants are rising and appear to be capitalized into farmland values. This paper analyzes the impact of hunting lease rates on farmland values in Texas. The results indicate that counties with higher wildlife recreation income streams have higher land values.
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