Lifecycle Analysis and Circular Economy of LEDs
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This chapter deals with the lifecycle analysis of light-emitting diode (LEDs) and has been divided into life cycle analysis (LCA) of LEDs and Circular Economy of LEDs. The LCA results are used to analyze: carbon footprint of materials in sourcing, transporting, and processing; the materials used for fabricating a device; energy spent; and waste generated in a technology and could be used to optimize the process for ideal usage times in terms of energy and material efficiency. Two significant quantities involved in LCA are the materials footprint and embodied energy. The chapter addresses the end-of-use management of LEDs considering ten characteristics of materials' circular economy. These 10 strategies include: lower materials by design; multifunctional materials; materials of higher circularity; high durability materials; low carbon and embodied energy materials; reduced material miles; sustainable materials; materials of higher environmental benignity; no toxicity; and materials enabling natural habitat.Keywords:
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Concrete and steel are considered the main structural building materials in today's construction. A fair amount of carbon footprint known as embodied carbon footprint is released during their extraction to ultimate utilisation in construction activities. However, quantification and evaluation of the embodied carbon footprint from structural materials of various grades was lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the variation in embodied carbon footprint potential when various classes/grades of concrete and steel in six different combinations were adopted during the design and planning phase using life-cycle analysis (LCA). Building information modelling (BIM) was utilised to virtually construct a two-storey conventional office building, and embodied carbon footprints for each of the six models were quantified. The study highlighted that up to 31% of embodied carbon footprint was avoided from the building. Model M1 (G25XS280) yielded the highest whereas model M4 (G35XS460) was the lowest in contribution. The study also concluded that a considerable amount of reduction in carbon footprint is possible simply by adopting different classes of structural construction materials. The results are expected to help the designers to select best combination of structural materials in future.
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Tourism ecological footprint is divided into transferable ecological footprint(TEF)and nontransferable ecological footprint(NTEF).The nontransferable ecological footprint reflects the pressure of the environment influence in the tourism area,whereas the transferable ecological footprint reflects the pressure of the environment that can be transferred to the other regions by trade.The new model is of advantages to measure the real pressure of environment influence in the tourism area.Zhangjiajie was taken as a case and the tourism ecological footprint of Zhangjiajie in 2006 was calculated and analyzed.The results show that the ecological footprint is 344 972.46 hm2.The TEF and NTEF are respectively 123 903.53 hm2 and 221 068.93 hm2.These say the pressure of environment that Zhangjiajie had to accept in 2006 was221 068.93 hm2,the pressure of the environment that can be transferred to the other regions was 123 903.53 hm2.
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Abstract The construction industry accounts for an incredible 36% of worldwide energy usage, and 40% of CO 2 emissions. Therefore, it is required to reduce the impact of construction on the environment. In this study, a few green materials have been selected along with few green techniques and are applied to the apartment and a comparison is provided. An ongoing project consisting of 18 typical floors and basement is selected for the study. Estimation of quantities are done according to the drawings and major materials such as blocks, internal paints, flooring and concrete are replaced with proposed sustainable materials. Embodied energy and carbon footprint analysis is performed for the building components such as blocks, tiles, paints, concrete and plastering. Alternate materials like compressed stabilized earth blocks, clay plaster, wallpaper, terrazzo tiles and blended cement concrete are chosen as replacements for the conventional materials. A comparison is provided with conventional materials with respect to the chosen sustainable materials. The results show 73% reduction in embodied energy and 52% reduction in carbon footprint of the structure. Also, reduction in cost by 30%. Hence, reducing the impact on the environment and making the structure sustainable.
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What Is the Carbon Footprint Controversy? Nearly all humans consume meat, dairy, and egg products in some form. In recent years the environmental movement has touted the necessity of reducing one’s “carbon footprint.” Can we reduce our footprint without changing our diet? Much controversy surrounds...
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The effects of the quantities of waste and emissions on the environment are captured in the form of "environmental footprints". For metals in particular, disparities in the locations of extraction, processing, and use also lead to disparities in the geography of the footprints. This chapter shows how multi-regional input–output models provide information on these disparities. The ecological footprint pays very little attention to mineral resources and does not take into account the full range of environmental impacts. Among environmental assessment methods, lifecycle assessment has become widespread, with the aim of covering "as many" environmental impacts as possible. The objective of the product environmental footprint method is to objectively define the environmental footprint of products and to provide a rigorous measurement method common to all EU member countries. Starting in the 2000s, multi-regional input–output models began to emerge to model the economic, social, and environmental impacts of global trade.
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With the growing concern for environmental sustainability and the need to mitigate climate change, accurately tracking carbon footprints has become crucial. This paper explores the use of NILM technology for carbon footprint tracking at the household level. A carbon footprint tracking model is proposed based on NILM technology. On this basis, the relationship between carbon footprint and NILM technology is explored. An example is designed to verify the validity of NILM technology in calculating carbon footprint. The simulation results show that the NILM technology can be used to track the carbon footprint at the household. Finally, the paper is summarized.
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Purpose: The main purpose of this paper is to emphasize the importance of a life cycle approach and the role of facilities management practices in reducing the environmental footprint of built facilities. An approach to holistic life cycle energy and carbon reduction is also proposed. State of the Art: Built facilities consume over 40% of global energy annually resulting in over 33% of world’s total carbon emission. According to literature, for a significant reduction in energy use and resulting carbon emissions, it is critical that both the embodied and operating energy use of a facility is optimized. Approach: A literature-based discovery approach was applied to collect, analyze, and synthesize the results of published case studies from around the globe. The energy use results of 158 published case studies were analyzed to derive conclusions. Results: A comparison of energy efficient and conventional facilities revealed that decreasing operating energy may increase the embodied energy components. Additionally, the analysis of 95 commercial facilities indicated that nearly 10% of the total U.S. carbon emissions was influenced by facilities management practices. Practical Implications: The proposed approach to holistic environmental footprint reduction can guide facility management research and practice to make meaningful contributions to our efforts for creating a sustainable built environment.
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