SOIL FERTILITY STATUS AND FERTILISER PRESCRIPTION THROUGH TARGETED YEILD APPROACH FOR FARM SOILS OF TAMILNADU AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY,COIMBATORE
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Abstract:
Soil fertility status of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU) farm.Coimbatore was evaluated. Almost all the blocks recorded low available N status. Available P status was high in Paddy Breeding Station.medium to high in wetlands field. No.62-77 and New Area of Eastern Block and Cotton Breeding Station: low to medium in Millet Breeding Station and New Area:low in field No.36 and 37 of Eastern Block. With regard to available K.almost all the blocks recorded high status. Based on targeted yield approach (STCR), fertiliser recommendations are given for various crops grown in different blocks of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Farm. Coimbatore.Keywords:
Tamil
Kharif crop
Non-invasive ventilation
A critical assessment of water requirement and availability for major crops namely rice, wheat, maize, sorghum, cotton groundnut, soybean, sugarcane, sunflower, rapeseed & mustard, chickpea, kharif moong, kharif mash, summer moong and summer mash was made for three locations viz. Ludhiana, Bathinda and Ballowal Saunkhari representing three agroclimatic regions i.e. central plain region, western region and sub-mountainous region of Punjab. It was observed that in case of kharif crops 83 to 210 per cent of the potential evapotranspiration requirement is fulfilled by rainfall at Ballowal Saunkhari followed by 60 to 137 per cent at Ludhiana and 48 to 76 per cent at Bathinda. Whereas in case of rabi crops, 20 to 22 per cent of PET requirement of crops is fulfilled by rainfall at Ballowal Saunkhari, 19 to 21 per cent at Ludhiana and 11 to 14 per cent at Bathinda. In case of summer grown pulses, only 10 to 12 per cent of PET requirement is fulfilled by rainfall followed by 9 to 10 per cent at Ludhiana and only 7 per cent at Bathinda. Thus, summer grown crops seem to be quite exhaustive as most of their PET requirement has to be fulfilled by irrigation. The study indicates that the moisture availability conditions are more severe for western plain region as rainfall is deficit even during kharif season.
Kharif crop
Non-invasive ventilation
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Kharif crop
Non-invasive ventilation
Tamil
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Integrated nutrient management trials were organized during 2011 in five impor-tant kharif crops viz pearlmillet, clusterbean, mungbean, mothbean and sesame at farmer's fields in districts Jalore, Pali, Sirohi and Jodhpur of Transitional Plain of Luni Basin of Rajasthan by Agricultural Research Station, Keshwana, Jalore. Results revealed that the application of recommended dose of fertilizers provided 12–17% yield enhancement in different crops; however, the use of integrated nutrient management practices which comprised of 75% recommended dose of fertilizers + seed treatment with bio-fertilizers (Rhizobium/Azotobactor and PSB culture) followed by foliar spray of 1% soluble NPK (19: 19: 19) at flowering stage provided 20–27% higher yield over farmers ’practice and found most effective and remunerative also. Economic analysis of inte-grated nutrient management over farmers ’practice revealed that maximum benefit-cost ratio of 11.25 was found in mungbean and least i.e. 2.10 was in pearlmillet; however in sesame, mothbean and clusterbean, it was 7.38, 5.40 and 4.16, respectively.
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Nutrient Management
Non-invasive ventilation
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The study was conducted in Sirsa, Hisar and Rewari districts from Western Zone of the State during the year 2017-18. Data related to rainfall and temperatures were collected from department of agro-meteorology, CCSHAU, Hisar, whereas data related to area, production and productivity of major crops like paddy, cotton, pearl millet, wheat and mustard were recorded from various issues of statistical abstract of Haryana. The results of the study revealed that linear trend was observed in minimum and maximum temperature, whereas, in case of annual rainfall, non-linear trend was found in both Kharif as well as Rabi seasons in during the 2006-07 to 2015-16. The rise in maximum temperature was positive and significant effect on paddy crop yield whereas, it was significantly negative impact on pearl millet yield but in case of cotton, it was negative but non-significant effect on cotton yield. On the other side, rise in minimum temperature was positive but non-significant effect on productivity of paddy as well as pearl millet. Rainfall coefficient was observed significantly positive impact on pearl millet crop productivity whereas; it was negative but non-significant affect the productivity of paddy and cotton. Rainfall coefficient was observed significantly positive impact on pearl millet productivity whereas; it was negative but non-significant effect on the productivity of paddy and cotton in Hisar, Sirsa and Rewari districts of western zone of the state. The rise in maximum temperature was significantly negative effect on wheat crop yield whereas, it was negative but non-significant impact on mustard yield. On the other side, rise in minimum temperature was negative but non-significant effect on productivity of wheat as well as mustard. The rainfall coefficient was observed significantly positive impact on productivity of wheat and mustard in Western Zone of the state.
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The paper has analysed the impact of Soil Health Card Scheme on farmers' income by studying the economics of cultivation of three major kharif crops paddy, soybean and maize in Madhya Pradesh.For study, data were collected from 30 soil tested farmers/beneficiaries before and after application of recommended doses of fertilizers (RDF).The study has found that yield of paddy, soybean and maize increased by 19.42 per cent, 13.79 per cent and 9.6 per cent, respectively after adoption of RDF.The net income per acre increased from ` 11231 to ` 17385 (54.8%) in paddy, from ` 6696 to ` 11228 (67.7%) in soybean and from 3380 to ` 8105 (139.8%) in maize after soil testing by the farmers.The BC ratio from 1.5 to 1.7 in paddy, from 1.6 to 2.0 in soybean and from 1.4 to 1.9 in maize on adoption of RDF by the farmers.Thus, soil health card scheme was found highly beneficial to the farmers in term of increasing their income.However, there is a need to generate awareness about the benefits of this scheme among the farmers on one hand and strengthening of soil testing services / laboratories on the other hand for a wider adoption of RDF.
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On-farm demonstrations of both sole and mixed fodder crops were conducted with 12 KVKs representing central (Lucknow, Sitapur II and Pratapgarh), eastern (Deoria, Basti and SRD Nagar) and western (Bareilly and Shahahjhanpur) regions in Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) and Bageshwar, Haridwar and Uttarkashi in Uttarakhand. The farmers were trained at district level followed by executing the technological modules at farmers’ field by the KVKs. In total 18.5 ha area was covered under demonstrations involving 151 farmers in different districts of U.P. and Uttarakhand during kharif 2014–2015. Sorghum (PC-6) + cowpea (BL-2) demonstrated in an area of 2.0 ha covering 28 farmers recorded green fodder yield of 332 q/ha which was 27% higher as compared to local check (261q/ha). MP Chari demonstrated at district Shahjahanpur and Deoria in an area of 4.0 ha covering 18 farmers showed green fodder yield of 466 q/ha which was 16.5% higher as compared to local check (400q/ha). The minimum yield advantage of 16% was obtained from sorghum (MP Chari) fodder. Study indicated that improved fodder varieties have potential to enhance the yield in all the crops demonstrated during kharif season.
Fodder
Kharif crop
Non-invasive ventilation
Uttar pradesh
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Onion is highly photo-thermo sensitive crop having limited adaptation. To boost onion production during kharif, it was considered Inperative to test onion varieties bred by different institutes for their performance In the low hills of Himachal Pradesh. The evaluation of five onion cultivars for three years In these hills revealed that Baswant-780 was the top yielded with a mean bulb production of 230.50 q/ha. Agrifound Dark Red (AFDR) and N-53 with a yield potential of 199.40 and 176.50 q/ha, respectively were the next best performers In that order. The study marked that highest yield manifested by B–780 was accompanied by better growth and larger size of bulbs.
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Bulb
Non-invasive ventilation
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Field experiments were conclucted during kharif and rabi seasons (1997–98) to study the effect of different water management practices on yield, water use and water use efficiency of direct seeded rice. The results revealed that the yield and water use efficiency were better with continuous submergence of 2.5 cm depth throughout the crop period as the irrigation regime was not significantly different from higher water regimes. Simultaneously, the correlation was worked out between yield and other components.
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Water Use Efficiency
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A field experiment was conducted during Kharif seasons of 2002, 2003 and 2004 to study the effect of planting pattern and duration of pigeonpea varieties on productivity of pigeonpea + soybean intercropping system under rainfed conditions. The highest seed yields were recorded by sole crops of pigeonpea (1401 kg/ha) and soybean (1853 kg/ha). Planting of pigeonpea, Durga at 90 cm with 1 row of soybean and pigeonpea MRG-66, 150 cm with five rows of soybean recorded maximum net returns of (Rs. 17,226/ha) and (Rs. 22,035/ha) respectively. Pigeonpea, MRG-66 at 180 cm with six rows of soybean recorded maximum (1.39) land equivalent ratio.
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Intercropping
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A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of the year 2008–09 at College Agronomy Farm, B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat to study “Effect of N-management practices and different organic sources on growth and yield of kharif sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under middle Gujarat conditions”. Result has been reaveled for securing higher seed yield and net realization from sesame crop cv. G.T-1 raisedon loamy sand soils of middle Gujarat agro-climatic conditions, it is advisable to apply 50% recommended of nitrogen and Azosprillum with application of humic acid 10 kg ha−1 for getting remunerative higher seed yield of sesame.
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