Temporal Trends in Bullying Victimization Among Adolescents Aged 12–15 Years From 29 Countries: A Global Perspective
Lee SmithGuillermo Felipe López SánchezJosep Maria HaroAbdullah AlghamdiDamiano PizzolMark A. TullyHans OhPoppy GibsonHelen KeyesLaurie ButlerYvonne BarnettJae Il ShinAi Koyanagi
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Abstract:
Bullying victimization among adolescents is a major public health concern. However, multicountry studies investigating temporal trends of bullying victimization among adolescents are scarce, especially from a global perspective. Thus, we aimed to examine the temporal trends of bullying victimization among school-going adolescents between 2003 and 2017 in 29 countries from Africa (n = 5), Asia (n = 18), and the Americas (n = 6).Data on 191,228 students aged 12-15 years [mean (standard deviation) age 13.7 (1.0) years; 48.9% boys] who participated in the Global School-based Student Health Survey were analyzed. Bullying victimization was based on self-report and referred to being bullied at least once in the past 30 days. The prevalence (95% confidence interval) of bullying victimization was calculated for each survey. Crude linear trends in bullying victimization were examined by linear regression models.The mean prevalence of bullying victimization across all surveys was 39.4%. There was a large variation in the trends of bullying victimization across countries with a significant increasing and decreasing trend being observed in 6 and 13 countries, respectively. Myanmar, Egypt, and the Philippines showed the sharpest increase. The decrease was modest in most countries which showed a decreasing trend. The remaining countries showed stable trends (n = 10) but some countries such as Seychelles showed consistently high prevalence over time (i.e., ≥ 50%).Decreasing trends of bullying victimization were more common than increasing or stable trends in our study including adolescents from 29 countries. However, a high prevalence of bullying was observed in most countries, and thus, further global efforts to combat bullying victimization are necessary.Recognizing that injuries and violence kill more than five million people worldwide annually and cause harm to millions more, the World Health Assembly (WHA) has repeatedly called on governments du...
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Adolescent moped riders have a high risk of injury. Little is known about the causes and consequences of these injuries (Kopjar 1999). It is the aim of this study to analyse the causes and the type...
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An infant stroller is a wheeled vehicle to assist caregivers with transporting a young child. In Canada, carriages and stroller are regulated under the Consumer Product Safety Act, which outlines product specifications intended to ensure safety and security. This study seeks to identify and describe the detailed mechanisms of cases of pediatric traumatic brain injuries (TBI) related to strollers that were captured within the electronic Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (eCHIRPP) database. Records entered into the eCHIRPP system with injury data between January 1, 2007 and July 17, 2017 were extracted for ages 0 to 4 years old. Traumatic brain injuries were identified based on nature of injury and body part codes. Stroller related injuries were identified using existing variable codes and text mining techniques, and location, mechanism, and admission to hospital were assessed. Descriptive statistics and text mining (PERL regular expressions) were conducted using SAS Enterprise Guide version 5.1. The frequency of stroller related TBI have decreased over the past decade (p<0.001). A total of 1033 cases of stroller related head injury were identified (502 stroller related TBI cases/100,000 eCHIRPP records), with the majority occurring among children 1 year old and below (74.2%). Falls, tip-overs and runaways were the three leading mechanisms of injury. Other mechanisms included stroller issues related to the wheel of breaks, or with the child or guardian's actions contributing to an injury. A safety mechanism (seatbelt) was confirmed to have been in use in 16.0% of TBI cases, and 3.8% of stroller TBI cases were admitted to hospital. Stroller related TBIs appear to be decreasing among eCHIRPP centres. Our findings support opportunities for injury prevention: through engineering changes to stroller standards, education about supervision and appropriate use of the stroller, and enforcement of safety regulations. While stroller related TBIs appear to be decreasing, there are opportunities for injury prevention. Findings from this and other studies should help to inform safety standards associated with stroller design and public awareness regarding appropriate stroller use.
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Fatalities and head injuries from bicycle-related crashes remain a concern in the United States. Despite legislation in many states, helmet use remains low. This observational study examined the helmet use and related factors in a North Carolina city. The sample consisted of 2088 observations of bicyclists. The objectives were to (1) determine helmet use; (2) describe other safe bicycling practices; and (3) examine the relationship of demographic variables and safe riding practices with helmet use. Helmet use was observed for 25% of the sample. Demographic factors related to helmet use were being female (OR = 1.32), 26 years old or older (OR = 4.94), and White (OR = 2.17). Bicyclists riding on the road with traffic were more likely to wear a helmet than bicyclists riding on the sidewalk (OR = 2.04). Findings indicate that helmet use remains low in the city. Research to monitor, better understand, and promote helmet use is needed.
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Objective. To describe the incidence, circumstances, and types of stroller-related injuries among US children. Design. Retrospective review of data for children 3 years old and younger from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System of the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission for 1994–1998. Results. There were an estimated 64 373 stroller-related injuries (95% confidence interval [CI]: 49 223–79 514) to children 3 years old and younger treated in hospital emergency departments in the United States during the 5-year study period. The median age at the time of the injury was 11 months; 51% were males. The annual rate of injury among children <1 year old was 184.4 per 100 000. Seventy-six percent of injuries resulted from a fall from the stroller. A motor vehicle was involved in <1% of cases. Most injuries involved the head (44%) or face (43%). Injury diagnoses included contusions or abrasions (38%), lacerations (24%), closed head injury (22%), and extremity fractures (3%). Two percent of injured children, an estimated 992 (95% CI: 428–1556), were admitted to the hospital during the study period, an annual admission rate of 1.3 per 100 000. Seventy percent of admissions were for head trauma. Conclusions. Injuries related to strollers are common, particularly among children in the first year of life. They often result from falls from the stroller. The data suggest that restraint use would prevent many stroller-related injuries.
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As injuries can happen in any setting, to anyone and at any time, the preventive responses required need to be comprehensive. Accordingly, this requires the involvement of many stakeholders from di...
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