Glaciations and palaeoclimate of the last millennium in the Drongtso Lungpa Co Valley, southeastern Tibetan Plateau, based on cosmogenic 10Be exposure dating and glacier modelling
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Ice core
Cosmogenic nuclide
Surface exposure dating
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Surface exposure dating
Bedrock
Ice core
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Abstract Cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dating has generated important new insights into landscape evolution and surface process rates. The method permits numerical ages to be estimated for landforms that are difficult or impossible to otherwise date with a precision of about 5 % to 20 %. The accuracy and age range of cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dating depends critically on local geomorphological conditions. Highly stable landscape features such as large glacial erratics yield the most reliable ages, although the technique can be applied with less precise results to stream terraces and other features lacking boulders or bedrock exposures. While landforms as young as several thousand years and as old as ten million years have been successfully dated, the age range in Scotland will generally reflect the duration of late Devensian glaciation between about 30 kyr to about 12 kyr. Cosmogenic nuclide applications require substantial mass spectrometry resources that are presently lacking or in development in the United Kingdom. Recent investments at the Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre in noble gas and accelerator mass spectrometry presage the development of a world‐class facility in cosmogenic nuclide applications. Major scientific challenges for cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dating include relating the rapid climatic changes observed in Greenland ice cores to the glacial history of Scotland.
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Cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dating is a newly developed isotopic dating technique in the past few years.Cosmogenic nuclides are primarily generated by reaction of target nuclei exposed near earth surface and galactic cosmic radiation.The reactions producing cosmogenic nuclides mainly involve spallation,capture of neutrons and muon reaction.The reacting cosmic particles producing nuclides primarily include secondary fast neutrons,thermal neutrons and slow negative muons.Due to the differential special distribution of these reacting particles,the production rates of cosmogenic nuclides at different latitude,altitude and depth are different.The concentration of cosmogenic nuclides is not only constrained by production rates and exposure time,and also closely related to surface erosion.Furthermore,the concentration is affected by geomagnetic intensity, shielding,chemical weathering,and sample geometry as well.These factors affecting cosmogenic nuclide concentration should be calibrated when surface exposure age is calculated.With the progress of the theory and methodology of cosmogenic surface exposure dating,the technique has been widely used in studies of Quaternary glaciations,impact craters,volcanic surfaces,and fault faces.
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In Grand Teton National Park (GTNP), both glacial and tectonic activity have played major roles in shaping the landscape. Here, we evaluate the impacts of late Quaternary Teton Fault slip and subglacial erosion in GTNP. We are in the process of using 10Be surface exposure dating to generate records of time-integrated Teton Fault slip at multiple locations throughout GTNP, which will allow us to assess spatial and temporal patterns tectonic activity over the past ~15 ka. We are also working to determine rates of subglacial erosion through 10Be-14C-36Cl triple isotope dating. The results obtained through this novel combination of cosmogenic nuclide techniques will contribute toward a unified view of landscape evolution in alpine environments. Featured photo by Bonnie Robinson, taken from the AMK Ranch photo collection.
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