Preparation of high-performance ZrO2 bio-ceramics by stereolithography for dental restorations
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Stereolithography
Polyetherimide
Abstract Projection micro stereolithography (P μ SL) is a high-resolution (up to 0.6 μ m) 3D printing technology based on area projection triggered photopolymerization, and capable of fabricating complex 3D architectures covering multiple scales and with multiple materials. This paper reviews the recent development of the P μ SL based 3D printing technologies, together with the related applications. It introduces the working principle, the commercialized products, and the recent multiscale, multimaterial printing capability of P μ SL as well as some functional photopolymers that are suitable to P μ SL. This review paper also summarizes a few typical applications of P μ SL including mechanical metamaterials, optical components, 4D printing, bioinspired materials and biomedical applications, and offers perspectives on the directions of the further development of P μ SL based 3D printing technology.
Stereolithography
Digital Light Processing
Three dimensional printing
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Three-dimensional (3D) printing or Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology is an innovative tool with great potential and diverse applications in various fields. As 3D printing has been burgeoning in recent times, a tremendous transformation can be envisaged in medical care, especially the manufacturing procedures leading to personalized medicine. Stereolithography (SLA), a vat-photopolymerization technique, that uses a laser beam, is known for its ability to fabricate complex 3D structures ranging from micron-size needles to life-size organs, because of its high resolution, precision, accuracy, and speed. This review presents a glimpse of varied 3D printing techniques, mainly expounding SLA in terms of the materials used, the orientation of printing, and the working mechanisms. The previous works that focused on developing pharmaceutical dosage forms, drug-eluting devices, and tissue scaffolds are presented in this paper, followed by the challenges associated with SLA from an industrial and regulatory perspective. Due to its excellent advantages, this technology could transform the conventional "one dose fits all" concept to bring digitalized patient-centric medication into reality.
Stereolithography
Three dimensional printing
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
3d printed
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Additive manufacturing, or nowadays more popularly entitled as 3D printing, enables a fast realization of polymer, metal, ceramic or composite devices, which often cannot be fabricated with conventional methods. One critical issue for a continuation of this success story is the generation of multi-material devices. Whilst in fused filament fabrication or 3D InkJet printing, commercial solutions have been realized, in stereolithography only very few attempts have been seen. In this work, a comprehensive approach, covering the construction, material development, software control and multi-material printing is presented for the fabrication of structural details in the micrometer range. The work concludes with a critical evaluation and possible improvements.
Stereolithography
Realization (probability)
Fused filament fabrication
Micrometer
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Fused Deposition Modelling 3D printing systems, which utilise extruded thermoplastics to manufacture parts, are only capable of producing anisotropic parts. In contrast, Stereolithographic 3D printing systems incorporate photopolymer resins, which due to their nature and reaction process allow the production of theoretically isotropic parts. As well as being fundamentally limited in regards to build volume, Stereolithography technology is not readily available in Open Source form. This project aims to incorporate the photopolymer resin from Stereolithographic 3D printing systems into the chassis and motion control systems used in Open Source Fused Deposition Modelling printers.
Stereolithography
3d printer
Fused Deposition Modeling
Chassis
Deposition
Rapid Prototyping
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The porous structure of anodes in SOFCs is the key factor to improve its performance and the manufacturing method to control its design needs to be established. Additive manufacturing, so-called 3D printing technology can be a prospective method for the fabrication of electrodes of SOFCs. In this experiment, stereolithography, which is a form of 3D printing technology using UV-light with approximately 365nm wavelength and photo-curable resin, is applied. The UV-light that goes through pinholes enables the production of multiple cylindrical objects at once. As a result, the objects and the empty spaces between them make the porous structure. Moreover, by changing the size and the number of holes and distance between them, the fabrication of an anode with the desired microstructure can be expected.
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Stereolithography
Schematic
Selective laser sintering
Fused Deposition Modeling
Deposition
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UV light technology-based 3D printer is commonly known as Stereolithography (SLA) 3D printer. Photopolymers in liquid form is cured under the beam of UV light to form layer by layer 3D model. A beam of light is pointed that cures a limited area and takes a long time to 3D print a part. An effort has been made in this work to design and fabricate a mask and UV light-based 3D printer for printing 3D models from a liquid photopolymer resin. Samples were also printed to evaluate the performance of this printer. Performance tests were very positive to make this model a commercial machine for printing models for medical applications.
Stereolithography
3d printer
Digital Light Processing
UV-Curing
3d printed
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Three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology is an innovative tool used in manufacturing medical devices, producing alloys, replacing biological tissues, producing customized dosage forms and so on. Stereolithography (SLA), a 3D printing technique, is very rapid and highly accurate and produces finished products of uniform quality. 3D formulations have been optimized with a perfect tool of artificial intelligence learning techniques. Complex designs/shapes can be fabricated through SLA using the photopolymerization principle. Different 3DP technologies are introduced and the most promising of these, SLA, and its commercial applications, are focused on. The high speed and effectiveness of SLA are highlighted. The working principle of SLA, the materials used and applications of the technique in a wide range of different sectors are highlighted in this review. An innovative idea of 3D printing customized pharmaceutical dosage forms is also presented. SLA compromises several advantages over other methods, such as cost effectiveness, controlled integrity of materials and greater speed. The development of SLA has allowed the development of printed pharmaceutical devices. Considering the present trends, it is expected that SLA will be used along with conventional methods of manufacturing of 3D model. This 3D printing technology may be utilized as a novel tool for delivering drugs on demand. This review will be useful for researchers working on 3D printing technologies.
Stereolithography
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Quality by Design
3d printed
Three dimensional printing
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Hydrogels are known as a soft and water-rich material, and they are widely applied in the medical and industrial fields. On the other hand, when a liquid material is poured into a mold to make a gel, it is generally difficult to form a complicated shape due to the shape restriction included in the mold. To overcome this challenge, we have independently developed the 3D gel printer "SWIM-ER". This gel printing can make very complex structures that is unable to create by the hydrogel molding process. The our previous works includes soft robots for teaching, research, and surgical simulation and applications of 3D-printed organ models in hydrogel. However, it should be pointed out that due to the high economic cost, this printer is not popular. This study proposes an inexpensive gel printing technology using a commercially available stereolithography 3D printer equipped with liquid crystal display (LCD) or digital light processing (DLP) technology for UV irradiation. The price of a commercial 3D printer for general use ($500) is much cheaper than the price of a 3D gel printer. We have confirmed that our proposed method can perform three-dimensional modeling of gel by photopolymerization reaction under excitation of 405 nm. Figure 1
Stereolithography
3d printer
Molding (decorative)
Digital Light Processing
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Stereolithography
Selective laser sintering
Fused Deposition Modeling
Rapid Prototyping
Three dimensional printing
3d printed
Deposition
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Citations (88)