Finned Tubular Air Gap Membrane Distillation
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Abstract:
Finned tubular air gap membrane distillation is a new membrane distillation method, and its functional performance, characterization parameters, finned tube structures, and other studies have clear academic and practical application value. Therefore, the tubular air gap membrane distillation experiment modules composed of PTFE membrane and finned tubes were constructed in this work, and three representative air gap structures, including tapered finned tube, flat finned tube, and expanded finned tube, were designed. Membrane distillation experiments were carried out in the form of water cooling and air cooling, and the influences of air gap structures, temperature, concentration, and flow rate on the transmembrane flux were analyzed. The good water-treatment ability of the finned tubular air gap membrane distillation model and the applicability of air cooling for the finned tubular air gap membrane distillation structure were verified. The membrane distillation test results show that with the tapered finned tubular air gap structure, the finned tubular air gap membrane distillation has the best performance. The maximum transmembrane flux of the finned tubular air gap membrane distillation could reach 16.3 kg/m2/h. Strengthening the convection heat transfer between air and fin tube could increase the transmembrane flux and improve the efficiency coefficient. The efficiency coefficient (σ) could reach 0.19 under the condition of air cooling. Compared with the conventional air gap membrane distillation configuration, air cooling configuration for air gap membrane distillation is an effective way to simplify the system design and offers a potential way for the practical applications of membrane distillation on an industrial scale.Keywords:
Membrane Distillation
Air gap (plumbing)
To clarify effects of localized airflow on thermal comfort, physiological and psychological responses of the total of 960 female subjects to localized airflow was studied in a climate chamber. Experiments were conducted in summer under 60 kinds of the following conditions : four air temperatures (25℃, 27.5℃, 30℃ and 32.5℃), six types of localized airflow (a uniform airflow, four oscillating airflow and a randomly fluctuating airflow reproducing a natural wind) with average velocity of 1.0m/s and three airflow temperatures (equal to, 5℃ and 10℃ lower than room air temperature). The comfortable zone of combined air temperature and airflow temperature became narrow and shifted to high room temperature and high airflow temperature according to the increase of maximum airflow velocity.
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Membrane Distillation
Brine
Backwashing
Membrane Technology
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ABSTRACT THE Michigan State deep-bed drying model for cereal grains was modified and utilized to investigate rough rice drying in a small fixed-bed dryer. Comparisons were made between reversing direction airflow and one direction airflow drying method. The optimal reversed time interval was found to be approximately 54 percent of the total drying time required for one direction airflow method. The simulation results indicated that the reversing direction airflow significantly reduced the final grain moisture gradient. However, the energy consumption increased up to 10 percent and the drying efficiency was slightly lower for reversing direction airflow as compared to one direction airflow drying.
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Creating a technique for artificially producing accurate time and intensity varying airflow can help us better understand the influence of airflow on speech perception. Such a technique would allow differentiation between airflow from stop release bursts, affricates, and fricatives. While customized high-speed short-burst airflow systems for testing somatosensory responses have been available since 1987 (Hashimoto, 1987; Mizobuchi, et al., 2000), the systems were difficult to obtain outside of Japan, so researchers studying the effects of airflow on speech perception began with solenoid operated on/off airflow devices (Gick & Derrick, 2009, Gick, et al., 2010). These systems were adequate to producing artificial airflow for aspirated stops such that correctly time-aligned airflow enhanced their perception in noisy environments. Recently, however, we created a custom airflow production system, called Aerotak . Aerotak itself relies on Murata's Microblower for airflow. The Microblower is a commercially available 20x20x1.85mm piezoelectric air pump with a maximum 0.8 l/m flow, 19.38 cm/h2o pressure, and an ability to change air-flow from 10% to 90% max cm/h20 in approximately 90 milliseconds. Aerotak allows researchers to produce artificial approximations of continuously varying airflow in speech (Derrick, et al. 2014a). We used Aerotak to demonstrate that airflow can enhance perception of English stops and fricatives (Derrick, et al. 2014b). We have also designed a custom mask-less airflow estimation system that allows accurate recordings of changes in turbulent speech airflow from the lips. In this presentation and paper, we will describe how to record airflow from speech, process the data for use with Aerotak , produce artificial speech airflow, and confirm the quality of the artificial production using our mask-less airflow system. Examples will include aspirated stops, fricatives and affricates from English speech.
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The airflow in the air gap behind the facade panel has shown to be of importance when risks of moisture and mould damages in wood frame walls are calculated. This study demonstrates the importance of a properly applied outdoor air flow in the air gap behind the facade panel when temperature and moisture conditions are calculated. The paper present and compare how variations in airflow in the air gap influence temperature and moisture conditions in a modern Swedish wood framed wall. Different references present various air flows that are adapted in the air gap. Calculations are made in the one dimensional temperature and moisture calculation program WUFI 4.2. The results shows that the air flows in the air gap behind the panel affect relative humidity in all positions outside the vapour retarder. At the same time temperature in the whole construction and relative humidity inside the vapour retarder is not affected by different air flows in a significant way. The conclusion is that a correct airflow in the facade air gap is of importance for calculated moisture conditions in modern Swedish wood constructions. An incorrect air flow can also give significant errors for calculated moisture conditions. (Less)
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Air gap (plumbing)
Apparent temperature
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There are two unidirectional patterns in OR: horizontal unidirectional airflow and vertical unidirectional airflow. In order to compare their purification effect, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was applied to simulate the two airflow patterns and the results are as following: Firstly, the number of the particles that hit the surgical key areas in the case of the horizontal unidirectional airflow is obviously less than that in the case of the vertical unidirectional airflow in the condition of the same air volume. Secondly, the number of the particles that hit the incisions will be satisfactory at a velocity of 0.25~0.3m/s in the case of the vertical unidirectional airflow while a velocity of 0.28~0.37m∕s in the case of the horizontal unidirectional airflow. Thirdly, the number of indoor residual particles in the case of the horizontal airflow is obviously less than that in the case of the vertical airflow in the case of the same air volume.
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Membrane Distillation
Membrane Fouling
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Membrane Distillation
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