Is adjuvant chemotherapy necessary for 2014 FIGO stage IC adult granulosa cell tumor?: Multicentric Turkish study
Özgür ErdoğanÇiğdem KılıçCaner ÇakırFatih KılıçOkan OktarBurak ErsakMustafa ŞahinAbdurrahman Alp TokalıoğluÖzgür KoçakÇağatayhan ÖztürkGoksen GorguluMustafa Gökkayaİlker SelçukVakkaş KorkmazGünsu Kimyon CömertTayfun ToptaşIşın ÜreyenGökhan UçarSalih TaşkınTolga TaşçıDoğan UncuMehmet Ali NarinNurettin BoranBülent ÖzdalÖzlem Moraloğlu TekınYaprak Engin ÜstünMuzaffer ŞancıFırat OrtaçTaner Turan
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Abstract Aim The aim of our study is to examine the clinical, surgical, and pathological factors of stage 1C adult granulosa cell tumor (AGCT) patients and to investigate the effects of adjuvant therapy on recurrence and survival rates in this patient group. Methods Out of a total of 415 AGCT patients treated by 10 tertiary oncology centers participating in the study, 63 (15.2%) patients with 2014 FIGO stage IC constituted the study group. The FIGO 2014 system was used for staging. Patient group who received adjuvant chemotherapy was compared with patient group who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy in terms of disease‐free survival (DFS), and disease‐specific survival. Results The 5‐year DFS of the study cohort was 89%, and the 10‐year DFS was 85%. Those who received adjuvant chemotherapy and those who did not were similar in terms of clinical, surgical and pathological factors, except for peritoneal cytology. In the univariate analysis, none of the clinical, surgical or pathological factors were significant for DFS. Adjuvant chemotherapy and type of treatment protocol had no impact on DFS. Conclusion Adjuvant chemotherapy was not associated with improved DFS and overall survival in stage IC AGCT. Multicentric and randomized controlled studies are needed for early stage AGCT in order to confirm these results and reach accurate conclusions.Keywords:
Univariate analysis
Adjuvant Therapy
Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Adjuvants are a critical component for vaccines, especially for a poorly immunogenic antigen, such as nicotine. However, the impact of adjuvant release rate from a vaccine formulation on its immunogenicity has not been well illustrated. In this study, we fabricated a series of hybrid-nanoparticle-based nicotine vaccines to study the impact of adjuvant release rate on their immunological efficacy. It was found that the nanovaccine with a medium or slow adjuvant release rate induced a significantly higher anti-nicotine antibody titer than that with a fast release rate. Furthermore, the medium and slow adjuvant release rates resulted in a significantly lower brain nicotine concentration than the fast release rate after nicotine challenge. All findings suggest that adjuvant release rate affects the immunological efficacy of nanoparticle-based nicotine vaccines, providing a potential strategy to rationally designing vaccine formulations against psychoactive drugs or even other antigens. The hybrid-nanoparticle-based nicotine vaccine with an optimized adjuvant release rate can be a promising next-generation immunotherapeutic candidate against nicotine.
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Using the self-made Nano aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant,we immunized broilers with H5N1 vacine.As age increased,oil-adjuvant vaccine was absorbed,which left yellow traces.Nano adjuvant was absorbed quickly,and there were no yellow traces left.Alter 49 days,no inflammatory cells were observed in the nano adjuvant injected area except some around the blood capillarie.Inflammatory cells in the conventional aluminum group were also significantly reduced,while the oil group still had a lot of inflammatory cells observed in the injection area.Compared with oil adjuvant,nano adjuvant can reduce the side effects.
Vaccine adjuvant
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Univariate analysis
Pathological staging
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Objective: To provide reasonable evidences of the clinical factors that affect the recurrence of meningioma so as to diagnose and treat the recurrence of meningioma earlier. Methods: Clinical features in 83 cases of meningiomas, which were operated during 1993-1997, were studied retrospectively. The factors were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: With univariate analysis, four factors highly related to the recurrence of meningiomas. They were tumor size, tumor shape, extent of resection and pathological grade. Pathological grade, extent of resection and tumor shape were risk factors of meningiomas recurrence with multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The main factors that affect the recurrence of meningioma patients are pathological grade, extent of resection and tumor shape.
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Adjuvant Therapy
Adjuvant Chemotherapy
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Objective To evaluate the clinical factors that affect the recurrence of the meningioma.Methods A retrospective clinical aspects in 83 cases of meningiomas,which were operated during 1993～1997,were studied.The factors were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analysis.Result With univariate analysis,tumor size,tumor location,tumor shape,edema,extent of resection,pathological grade,CT enhancement showed highly significance to recurrence of meningiomas.With multivariate analysis,pathological grade,extent of resection,tumor location,tumor shape and CT enhancement showed significant danger to recurrence of meningiomas.Conclusion The main factors that affect the recurrence of meningioma patients are pathological grade,tumor location,extent of resection,tumor shape and CT enhancement.
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Study on pathological diagnosis of pathological changes of 457 patients with atypical squamous cells
Objective To discuss the pathological diagnosis of pathological changes.Methods The 457 patients with pathological changes of cervical atypical squamous cells were further investigated by colposcope and multiple cervical biopsies for pathological analysis.Results The rates of cervical epitheilial neoplasma II(CINⅡ) of ASC-US and ASC-H were 8.15%(34/417) and 35%(14/40),showing significant defferences between the two groups(P0.01).Conclusion Pathological analysis be carried out for early diagnosis of cervical epithelial neoplams.
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Electrostatic interactions and phosphate exchange are the most important mechanisms for the adsorption of antigens onto aluminum-containing adjuvant. But the immunogenicity of the final vaccine is not proportional to the amount and the adsorption strength of antigens onto aluminum-containing adjuvant. The stability of aluminum adjuvant would be decreased while it is stored in room temperature. However, it does not affect immune enhancement activity. Usually, aluminum adjuvant should avoid exposure to elevated temperature in long time, and buffer salts such as phosphate could be used to protect vaccines containing aluminum adjuvant. Now the new formulation of aluminum-adjuvanted vaccine dry powder can increase the stability of vaccines. This review describes recent studies on the interaction between aluminum adjuvant and antigens, the stability of vaccines containing aluminum adjuvant and the development tendency of aluminum adjuvant.
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The adjuvant effects of CFNCpG on the humoral immune response of rabbits were investigated on the CFNCpG,Freund's complete adjuvant and aluminium hydroxide.An inactivated BVDV-1 was served as antigen.The neutralizing antibody titers were tested every 7 days after immunization to evaluate the immune adjuvant effects of CFNCpG on antigen of inactivated BVDV-1.The results showed that the antibody titer was 4.4(log_2SN_)(50))7 days and more than 7.0 14 days after CFNCpG was used as adjuvant alone. When CFNCpG combined with aluminium hydroxide was used as adjuvants,the antibody titer was higher than 7.0 after 21 days which was equal to the adjuvant effects of Freund's complete adjuvant.The CFNCpG is a useful adjuvant component in BVDV-1 inactivated vaccine in further research.
Antibody titer
Aluminium hydroxide
Antibody response
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Vaccine adjuvant
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