Modulation of Cathodoluminescence by Surface Plasmons in Silver Nanowires
Amelia C. Y. LiuTimothy J. DavisToon CoenenSangeetha HariLenard M. VoortmanZhou XuGangcheng YuanPatrycja M. BallardAlison M. FunstonJoanne Etheridge
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The waveguide modes in chemically-grown silver nanowires on silicon nitride substrates are observed using spectrally- and spatially-resolved cathodoluminescence (CL) excited by high-energy electrons in a scanning electron microscope. The presence of a long-range, travelling surface plasmon mode modulates the coupling efficiency of the incident electron energy into the nanowires, which is observed as oscillations in the measured CL with the point of excitation by the focused electron beam. The experimental data are modeled using the theory of surface plasmon polariton modes in cylindrical metal waveguides, enabling the complex mode wavenumbers and excitation strength of the long-range surface plasmon mode to be extracted. The experiments yield insight into the energy transfer mechanisms between fast electrons and coherent oscillations in surface charge density in metal nanowires and the relative amplitudes of the radiative processes excited in the wire by the electron.Keywords:
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Spatio-time-resolved cathodoluminescence measurements were carried out on low threading dislocation density freestanding GaN substrates grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy. High-resolution cathodoluminescence imaging allows for visualization of nonradiative recombination channels in the vicinity of accidentally formed inversion domain boundaries. Local cathodoluminescence lifetimes (τCL) for the near-band-edge (NBE) emission are shown to be sensitively position dependent. A linear relation between the equivalent internal quantum efficiency (ηinteq) and τCL for the NBE emission was observed at room temperature under a weak excitation condition, and spatially resolved excitation led to the observation of the highest ηinteq of 20% with τCL of 3.3 ns.
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