Effects of work–family life support program on the work–family interface and mental health among Japanese dual-earner couples with a preschool child: A randomized controlled trial
Akihito ShimazuTakeo FujiwaraNoboru IwataYoko KatoNorito KawakamiNobuaki MaegawaMutsuhiro NakaoTetsuo NomiyamaMiho TakahashiJun TayamaIzumi WataiMakiko ArimaTomoko HasegawaKo MatsudairaYutaka MatsuyamaYoshimi MiyazawaKyoko ShimadaMasaya TakahashiMayumi WatanabeAstushige YamaguchiM. AdachiMakiko TomidaDi ChenSatomi DoiSachiko HiranoSanae IsokawaTomoko KamijoToshio KobayashiKichinosuke MatsuzakiNaoko MoridairaYukari NittoSayaka OgawaMariko SakuraiNatsu SasakiMutsuko TobayamaKanako YamauchiErika ObikaneMiyuki OdawaraMariko SakkaKazuki TakeuchiMasahito Tokita
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Abstract Objectives This study examined the effectiveness of a newly developed work–family life support program on the work–family interface and mental health indicators among Japanese dual-earner couples with a preschool child(/ren) using a randomized controlled trial with a waitlist. Methods Participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to the intervention or the control groups (n = 79 and n = 85, respectively). The program comprised two 3-h sessions with a 1-month interval between them and provided comprehensive skills by including self-management, couple management, and parenting management components. The program sessions were conducted on weekends in a community center room with 3–10 participants. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 1-month, and 3-month follow-ups. Primary outcomes were work–family balance self-efficacy (WFBSE), four types of work–family spillovers (i.e., work-to-family conflict, family-to-work conflict, work-to-family facilitation, and family-to-work facilitation), psychological distress, and work engagement reported by the participants. Results The program had significantly pooled intervention effects on WFBSE (P = .031) and psychological distress (P = .014). The effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were small, with values of 0.22 at the 1-month follow-up and 0.24 at the 3-month follow-up for WFBSE, and −0.36 at the 3-month follow-up for psychological distress. However, the program had nonsignificant pooled effects on four types of work–family spillovers and work engagement. Conclusions The program effectively increased WFBSE and decreased psychological distress among Japanese dual-earner couples with a preschool child(/ren).Keywords:
Facilitation
Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of one visit root canal therapy(RCT) and several visit RCT for cracked teeth.Methods Cracked teeth with pulposis or apical disease were randomized to receive one visit RCTor several visit RCT,their responses were compared.Results The long-term therapeutic effects of one visit RCT were batter than those of several visit RCT,but the differences were not significant.The concomitant symptoms were significantly less and treatment time was significantly shorter in one visit RCT group as compared with several visit RCT group.Conclusion One visit RCT is recommended for the RCT of cracked teeth.
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One of the classic findings in the literature of visual orienting of attention is that performance is facilitated by a valid cue even when it is non-informative. This facilitation is then followed by a period of inhibition of the cued area, known as “inhibition of return”. Researchers have suggested that the early facilitation is the result of orienting of attention. However, because cues are commonly presented for 100-200 msec, the facilitation usually overlaps cue presentation. Thus, it is possible that facilitation could be attributed to sensory summation rather than to attention. Hence, facilitation may not occur when cue and target do not overlap. Three experiments were designed to clarify this issue. We found early facilitation followed by inhibition. The facilitation was the same whether the cue was present or not. Moreover, facilitation was not affected by cue duration or by target duration. These results reaffirm the idea that a non-informative peripheral cue can activate the exogenous orienting system, to produce both facilitation and inhibition of detection.
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Inhibition of return
Cued speech
Social facilitation
Sensory cue
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Objectives : The purpose of this study was conducted to find correct facilitation and clinical facilitation with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF). Methods : This is a literature study with books, articles, seminar note and books for PNF international course. Results : Treatment approach was changed from managements of reflex to facilitation. The facilitation will make passive or active motion. But it can not match with normal functional activities, lack of the active movement, and facilitation of musculoskeletal can interaction with environment. Conclusions : Facilitation of the Functional activities in the main therapy goal. Any necessary information, such as visual and acoustical information must be integrated. Spatial summation and temporal summation integrated also. Integrated information for the facilitation will be increased activity of alpha-motorneurons, activity of interneurons, and muscle fiber structural changes from slow twitch fibers to fast twitch fibers. Suggested facilitate goal-oriented of movements at a functional level and reduce stiffness at structural level.
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Proprioception
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Facilitation
Exploratory research
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Nursing practice
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The research of visual and spatial attention from the late 20th century until today started with two important streams. The research of Michael I. Posner using the spatial cueing method is one of them. In this chapter, I introduce my research on the effect of cue duration in the facilitation effect and IOR and on the independence of those two functions of spatial attention. The first aim was to shed light on the question of how the cue duration affects the facilitation effect and IOR. The second aim was to examine the independence of the facilitation effect and IOR. To clarify this point, the relationships between the magnitude of the facilitation effect and that of IOR were examined. The results of Experiment 1 and 2 supported the notion that the facilitation effect and IOR are influenced by dissociable factors (both stimulus properties and participants’ traits) and presumably are controlled by different mechanisms.
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Inhibition of return
Stimulus (psychology)
Independence
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Summary 1. New insights into the mechanisms and outcomes of facilitation have led to important advances in our understanding of ecological patterns and processes. However, the effects of facilitation on non‐successional community dynamics have yet to be developed into a general theory. 2. By synthesizing spatial and temporal relationships between biotic interactions and environmental severity, a new model of facilitation‐driven community dynamics is presented that applies to any facilitative mechanism related to abiotic stress or resource limitation. 3. In general, facilitation tends to stabilize community dynamics in moderately severe environments, due to a buffering effect of increased facilitation during more severe periods and enhanced competitive effects in milder conditions. In contrast, a strong negative relationship between environmental severity and facilitative strength in highly severe environments leads to a destabilizing effect of facilitation on community dynamics. 4. If only mature plants have significant facilitative effects, developmental lags may be introduced that decouple environmental fluctuations and community dynamics, decreasing the effects of facilitation on community stability. Additionally, dual regulation of facilitation by environmental and demographic factors decouples abundance from climate and produces periodic local extinctions. In general, the interplay of facilitation and competition produce highly variable dynamics in moderate‐severity environments, whereas qualitatively similar results were found in high‐severity environments regardless of facilitative mechanism or model parameters. 5. Additional variation in community dynamics can be explained by the combination of effect and response functional traits of species within a community. The relative abundance and proportion of species within a community falling into one of four different effect and response categories provide an effective framework for predicting responses to climatic variation and biotic interactions. 6. Synthesis . Facilitation either increases or decreases community stability in predictable ways as a function of empirically identifiable environmental gradients. Effects of developmental lags, complex controls of facilitative mechanisms and species’ functional traits explain additional variation in community dynamics that can be applied to a broad array of ecosystems in which facilitation occurs.
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Alternative stable state
Community
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This research explored the development of individuals' collaborative facilitation of different ages in different retrieve sequences and learning materials. The design was a 5( age: 9 years old,11 years old,14 years old,17 years old and 20 years old) × 3( recall sequence: CII、ICI、III) × 2( learning materials: pictures or texts) between-subjects design. The results showed that collaborative facilitation appeared in all ages of both CII and ICI recall sequences,and the final memory performance in these two sequences had no difference. What's more,the amount of collaborative facilitation of 17 years old participants was higher than 9,11,14 and 20 years old. There was no difference among other age. No matter how old the participant was,there was no difference between picture and texts on the collaborative facilitation amount. These suggest that the order of collaborative memory has little impact on collaborative facilitation. The effects of collaborative facilitation in 17-year-old individuals are the best.
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Contrast sensitivity for a Gabor target can be increased by a factor of two when identical patches are separated by about three wavelengths (lambda) and positioned collinearly (Polat and Sagi, 1993, 1994a, 1994b). The facilitation effect was found for a wide range of spatial frequencies but was tested with well-experienced observers. Since practice modifies the range of lateral interactions, in this study naive observers were tested in order to document the initial stage of collinear facilitation. Surprisingly, we found that facilitation is maximal for the high spatial frequencies and minimal for the low spatial frequencies. We also found that when experienced observers were tested, facilitation at the low spatial frequencies was evident, suggesting that the initially reduced facilitation was due to inefficient lateral interactions. We suggest that the absence of facilitation for low spatial frequencies is due to the slow propagation velocity of the remote input, resulting in a mismatch between the flanker's input and the target's integration time.
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Spatial frequency
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