Supplementary Figure Legends from Myostatin Neutralization Results in Preservation of Muscle Mass and Strength in Preclinical Models of Tumor-Induced Muscle Wasting
Rosamund C. SmithMartin S. CramerPamela J. MitchellAndrew CapenLysiane HuberRong WangLaura J. MyersBryan E. JonesBrian J. EastwoodDarryl BallardJeff HansonKelly M. CredilleVictor J. WroblewskiBoris K. LinJosef G. Heuer
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<p>Supplementary Figure Legends</p>Keywords:
Myostatin
Myostatin is a protein synthesized and secreted by skeletal muscle that negatively regulates muscle mass. The extent to which circulating myostatin levels change in the context of aging is controversial, largely due to methodological barriers.We developed a specific and sensitive liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay to measure concentrations of myostatin and two of its key inhibitors, follistatin-related gene (FLRG) protein and growth and serum protein-1 (GASP-1) in 80 younger (<40 years), 80 older (>65 years), and 80 sarcopenic older women and men.Older women had 34 % higher circulating concentrations of myostatin than younger women. Per unit of lean mass, both older and sarcopenic older women had >23 % higher myostatin levels than younger women. By contrast, younger men had higher myostatin concentrations than older men with and without sarcopenia. Younger men had approximately twofold higher concentrations of myostatin than younger women; however, older women and sarcopenic older women had significantly higher relative myostatin levels than the corresponding groups of men. In both sexes, sarcopenic older subjects had the highest concentrations of FLRG. Circulating concentrations of myostatin exhibited positive, but not robust, correlations with relative muscle mass in both sexes.Our data suggest that myostatin may contribute to the higher prevalence of sarcopenia in women but acts as a homeostatic regulator of muscle mass in men. Moreover, this new LC-MS/MS-based approach offers a means to determine the extent to which myostatin serves as a biomarker of muscle health in diverse conditions of muscle loss and deterioration.
Myostatin
Follistatin
Homeostasis
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To the Editor:—Hardy et al.1 stated that the wide variation in arm muscle mass among the healthy elderly makes arm muscle mass “unsuitable to diagnose malnutrition in the aged population.” Three prospective trials (two published2,3 and the third submitted for publication) contradict their conclusion. In fact, corrected arm muscle area below 17 cm2 consistently identified severely wasted sick old men with a median survival of two weeks and a maximum survival (without nutritional recovery) of 3.5 months. Of 24 such men seen by me since November 1983, the only two surviving beyond four months were men who gained weight and restored arm muscle area to at least 20 cm2; all the others died from this lethal wasting syndrome. Therefore, arm muscle area should be measured on all wasted elderly men in preference to weight, serum proteins, or dietary intake, since none of the latter identify a lethal nutritional syndrome.
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is a process of slowly losing the tissue's ability to maintain normal function and causing changes in muscle structure and function. A decrease in strength and muscle mass is a problem that often found in the elderly. Exercise is one of the factors that affect strength and muscle mass. The objective of the research is to compare the strength and muscle mass in elderly women who act and not actively exercise. This study is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design analyzed by an independent T-test. The research subjects were taken by purposive sampling, 20 elderly women aged over 60 years who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were assessed for sports activity, muscle strength, and muscle mass so that it is obtained a sample of 13 elderly who are actively exercising and 7 elderly who are not actively exercising. Handheld muscle strength research data was measured using a handgrip dynamometer, muscle mass was measured using the Bioimpedance Analysis (BIA) method, and exercise habits were taken from the modification of the Baecke Physical Activity questionnaire. The results show that the elderly who were active in exercising with a mean score of muscle strength (10.59 ± 3.62) and muscle mass (34.22 ± 4.62) were higher than those who did not exercise (6.51 ± 3.42) and (29.81 ± 3.39) with p-values of 0.020 and 0.0125. There is a difference between strength and muscle mass in elderly women who are active and not actively exercising.
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Circumference
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Myostatin
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Myostatin
Muscle fibre
Negative regulator
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Interleukin 6 (IL-6) has received significant attention for its regulatory role in muscle wasting during cachexia. This review examines the role of circulating IL-6 for decreasing muscle mass during cancer and emphasizes some of the indirect actions of IL-6 that may cause muscle wasting.
Cancer Cachexia
Interleukin 1β
Wasting Syndrome
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