Erratum. Long Noncoding RNA lncRHL Regulates Hepatic VLDL Secretion by Modulating hnRNPU/BMAL1/MTTP Axis. Diabetes 2022;71:1915–1928
Xuan ShenYajun ZhangXuetao JiBo LiYuzhu WangYun HuangXu ZhangJingxian YuRuihan ZouDongdong QinHongwen ZhouQian WangJohn Li
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In the article cited above, the nomenclature for a novel long noncoding RNA (lncRHL, regulator of hyperlipidemia) was similar to that used for a novel long noncoding RNA in the 2021 Cell Proliferation article below (lnc-RHL, regulator of hepatic lineages).Increasing academic efforts have been made to explore the correlation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with human diseases, particularly metabolic diseases like diabetes mellitus. Taking lncRNA H19 as an example, this review intends to reveal the functions and mechanism of lncRNA H19 in diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications.The research results associated with lncRNA H19 and diabetes mellitus are collected and summarized on PubMed.LncRNA H19 is a potential instructive marker for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications.
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Ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules are indispensable for cellular homeostasis in healthy and malignant cells. However, the functions of RNA extend well beyond that of a protein-coding template. Rather, both coding and non-coding RNA molecules function through critical interactions with a plethora of cellular molecules, including other RNAs, DNA, and proteins. Deconvoluting this RNA interactome, including the interacting partners, the nature of the interaction, and dynamic changes of these interactions in malignancies has yielded fundamental advances in knowledge and are emerging as a novel therapeutic strategy in cancer. Here, we present an RNA-centric review of recent advances in the field of RNA-RNA, RNA-protein, and RNA-DNA interactomic network analysis and their impact across the Hallmarks of Cancer. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes.
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Although >85% of the human genome is transcribed, only <2% is transcribed into protein-coding RNA (messenger RNA, mRNA). Many thousands of noncoding RNAs are transcribed and recognized as functional RNAs with diverse sizes, structures, and biological functions. Based on size, noncoding RNA can be generally divided into two subgroups: short noncoding RNA (<200 nucleotides including microRNA or miRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA, >200 nucleotides). It is now clear that these RNAs fulfil critical roles as transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators and as guides of chromatin-modifying complexes. Although not translated into protein, noncoding RNAs can regulate cardiac function through diverse mechanisms and their dysregulation is increasingly linked with cardiovascular pathophysiology. Furthermore, a series of recent studies have discovered that noncoding RNAs can be found in the bloodstream and some species are remarkably stable. This has raised the possibility that such noncoding RNAs may be measured in body fluids and serve as novel diagnostic biomarkers. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of noncoding RNAs' function and biomarker potential in cardiac diseases, concentrating mainly on circulating miRNAs and lncRNAs. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 751-755, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Small nucleolar RNA
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Small nucleolar RNA
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RNA degradation is a key process in the regulation of gene expression. In all organisms, RNA degradation participates in controlling coding and non-coding RNA levels in response to developmental and environmental cues. RNA degradation is also crucial for the elimination of defective RNAs. Those defective RNAs are mostly produced by ‘mistakes’ made by the RNA processing machinery during the maturation of functional transcripts from their precursors. The constant control of RNA quality prevents potential deleterious effects caused by the accumulation of aberrant non-coding transcripts or by the translation of defective messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms are also under the constant threat of attacks from pathogens, mostly viruses, and one common line of defence involves the ribonucleolytic digestion of the invader's RNA. Finally, mutations in components involved in RNA degradation are associated with numerous diseases in humans, and this together with the multiplicity of its roles illustrates the biological importance of RNA degradation. RNA degradation is mostly viewed as a default pathway: any functional RNA (including a successful pathogenic RNA) must be protected from the scavenging RNA degradation machinery. Yet, this protection must be temporary, and it will be overcome at one point because the ultimate fate of any cellular RNA is to be eliminated. This special issue focuses on modifications deposited at the 5′ or the 3′ extremities of RNA, and how these modifications control RNA stability or degradation. This article is part of the theme issue ‘5′ and 3′ modifications controlling RNA degradation’.
RNA Silencing
RNA-induced transcriptional silencing
Post-transcriptional modification
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RNA-protein interactions are the structural and functional basis of significant numbers of RNA molecules. RNA-protein interaction assays though, still mainly depend on biochemical tests in vitro. Here, we establish a convenient and reliable RNA fluorescent three-hybrid (rF3H) method to detect/interrogate the interactions between RNAs and proteins in cells. A GFP tagged highly specific RNA trap is constructed to anchor the RNA of interest to an artificial or natural subcellular structure, and RNA-protein interactions can be detected and visualized by the enrichment of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) at these structures. Different RNA trapping systems are developed and detection of RNA-protein complexes at multiple subcellular structures are assayed. With this new toolset, interactions between proteins and mRNA or noncoding RNAs are characterized, including the interaction between a long noncoding RNA and an epigenetic modulator. Our approach provides a flexible and reliable method for the characterization of RNA-protein interactions in living cells.
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Degradosome
RNase MRP
RNase H
Nuclease protection assay
Small nuclear RNA
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Abstract The secretion of biomolecules into the extracellular milieu is a common and well‐conserved phenomenon in biology. In bacteria, secreted biomolecules are not only involved in intra‐species communication but they also play roles in inter‐kingdom exchanges and pathogenicity. To date, released products, such as small molecules, DNA , peptides, and proteins, have been well studied in bacteria. However, the bacterial extracellular RNA complement has so far not been comprehensively characterized. Here, we have analyzed, using a combination of physical characterization and high‐throughput sequencing, the extracellular RNA complement of both outer membrane vesicle ( OMV )‐associated and OMV ‐free RNA of the enteric Gram‐negative model bacterium Escherichia coli K‐12 substrain MG 1655 and have compared it to its intracellular RNA complement. Our results demonstrate that a large part of the extracellular RNA complement is in the size range between 15 and 40 nucleotides and is derived from specific intracellular RNA s. Furthermore, RNA is associated with OMV s and the relative abundances of RNA biotypes in the intracellular, OMV and OMV ‐free fractions are distinct. Apart from rRNA fragments, a significant portion of the extracellular RNA complement is composed of specific cleavage products of functionally important structural noncoding RNA s, including tRNA s, 4.5S RNA , 6S RNA , and tm RNA . In addition, the extracellular RNA pool includes RNA biotypes from cryptic prophages, intergenic, and coding regions, of which some are so far uncharacterised, for example, transcripts mapping to the fimA‐fimL and ves‐spy intergenic regions. Our study provides the first detailed characterization of the extracellular RNA complement of the enteric model bacterium E. coli . Analogous to findings in eukaryotes, our results suggest the selective export of specific RNA biotypes by E. coli , which in turn indicates a potential role for extracellular bacterial RNA s in intercellular communication.
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p53 肿瘤 suppressor 基因是在癌症的最经常变异的基因。重要进步被取得了在协调细胞的回答到 DNA 损坏， oncogene 激活，和另外的压力认出 importanceof p53。没有被翻译成蛋白质， Noncoding RNA 是 RNA moleculesfunctioning。在这个工作，我们与四个异乎寻常的问题由 noncodingRNAs 讨论 p53 规定的两分。首先， microRNAs 的 overexpression 为在 absenceof p53 变化的 p53 inactivation 负责吗？第二，在 p53 基因的 noncoding 区域有体的变化吗？第三，在预先安排的 p53 基因的 noncoding 区域有 germline 异种搬运人到癌症？第四，罐头 p53 激活由 noncoding RNA 变化原因癌症调停了？Thiswork 在 p53 dysregulation 和 tumorigenesis 加亮 noncoding RNA 的突起。
Noncoding DNA
Small nucleolar RNA
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Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) are very complex and their all functions have yet to be fully clarified. Noncoding genes (noncoding RNA, sequences, and pseudogenes) comprise 67% of all genes and they are represented by housekeeping noncoding RNAs (transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)) that are engaged in basic cellular processes and by regulatory noncoding RNA (short and long noncoding RNA (ncRNA)) that are important for gene expression/transcript stability. In this review, we summarize data concerning the significance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in metabolic syndrome related disorders, focusing on adipose tissue and pancreatic islands.
Small nucleolar RNA
Pseudogene
Small nuclear RNA
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