Supplementary Figure 1 from 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 12 in Human Breast Carcinoma: A Prognostic Factor via Potential Regulation of Fatty Acid Synthesis
Shuji NagasakiTakashi SuzukiYasuhiro MikiJun‐ichi AkahiraKunio KitadaTakanori IshidaHiroshi HandaNoriaki OhuchiHironobu Sasano
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Supplementary Figure 1 from 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 12 in Human Breast Carcinoma: A Prognostic Factor via Potential Regulation of Fatty Acid SynthesisKeywords:
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases
Breast carcinoma
Fatty acid synthesis
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (17β-HSD2) catalyzes the oxidation of the potent estradiol (E2) to the less active estrogen estrone (E1). Inhibitors of this enzyme should maintain the local level of E2 in bone tissue when the E2 concentration in the circulation drops and therefore might be useful for the treatment of osteoporosis. In this work, novel non-steroidal spiro-δ-lactone compounds designed as 17β-HSD2 inhibitors were synthesized and their physicochemical and biological properties were investigated. These new spiro-δ-lactones are not sufficiently stable for further development and show low inhibition of the enzyme. Keywords: 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 inhibitors, Drug design, Osteoporosis, Spiro-δ-lactones, Steroidomimetics, Biological Evaluation, Spiro-lactones, Inhibitors, 17-Hydroxysteroid, Dehydrogenase, SDRs, dihydrotestosterone, 4-androstene-3,17-dione, spirolactone derivatives, aromatase inhibitors
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After cultivation of Streptomyces hydrogenans in the presence of different steroids the activity of both 3 alpha, 20 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 3 beta, 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was determined in the cell homogenate of the microorganism. By comparing the efficacy of the steroids to increase enzyme activities, steroids could be divided into 3 groups: a) steroids which stimulated preferentially the activity of 3 alpha, 20 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (e. g., corticosterone), b) steroids which stimulated preferentially 3 beta, 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (estradiol-17 beta), and c) those behaving intermediately (e. g., progesterone, 5 alpha -dihydrotestosterone). Highest 3 beta, 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity could be measured 2 h after addition of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone to the culture medium. The activity of 3 alpha, 20 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, however, increased continuously up to 4 h. 3 alpha, 20 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 3 beta, 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase syntheses seemed to be controlled by steroids in a non-coordinate manner.
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A determination of steroid dehydrogenases utilizing cryostat technic has been accepted since Wattenberg reported.However, difficulties were also encountered on sectioning technic or standarization of enzymatic conditioning.The present study was design to establish new device of “en block” staining without cryostat technic. Determination of placental enzyme of 3β-ol-steroid dehydrogenase, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were performed by new technic and gestational changes in dehydrogenase were also studied in this paper.1). 3β-ol-steroid dehydrogenaseMarked activity of 3β-ol-steroid dehydrogenase was observed in syncytial trophoblast throghout a pregnancy.2). 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenaseThe lowest activity among dehydrogenase messured was noted in 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which was localized in stroma of villi.3). 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was found to be localized in stroma and vessel wall showing strong activity.It may be concluded the 3β-ol-steroid dehydrogenase is a essential factor for maintainance of pregnancy in connection with progesterone biosynthesis, while 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase may act on placental function in steroid regulation after middle stage of pregnancy.
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Homogenates of human fetal liver were incubated with progesterone-4-C14 with or without a TPNH generating system, and 20α-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one and 5β- pregnane-3α-20α-diol were identified as products of progesterone metabolism. These findings indicate that the fetal liver has developed a 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and a 3a-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by the 25th week of development.
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SUMMARY Five male foetal mice were killed daily from the 11th day of gestation until term, the 21st day. Sections of testis from every animal were incubated with three steroid substrates to demonstrate 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase histochemically. The substrates were (1) 3β-hydroxypregn-5-en-20-one (pregnenolone), (2) 3β,17α-dihydroxypregn-5-en-20-one (17α-hydroxypregnenolone), and (3) 3β-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one (DHA). With pregnenolone as substrate 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was demonstrable from the 11th day, when the testis is first histologically recognizable, until the end of gestation. Using 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, no 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was present in the foetal testis. With DHA as substrate weak activity was first seen in the testis of the 15-day foetal mouse, and increased steadily thereafter. These findings are thought to support the concept of substrate-specific 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases.
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Abstract After cultivation of Streptomyces hydrogenans in the presence of different steroids the activity of both 3α,20β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 3β, 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was determined in the cell homogenate of the microorganism. By comparing the efficacy of the steroids to increase enzyme activities, steroids could be divided into 3 groups: a) steroids which stimulated preferentially the activity of 3α,20β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (e. g., corticosterone), b) steroids which stimulated preferentially 3β,17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (estradiol‐17β), and c) those behaving intermediately ( e. g. , progesterone, 5α‐dihydrotestosterone). Highest 3β, 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity could be measured 2 h after addition of 5α‐dihydrotestosterone to the culture medium. The activity of 3α, 20β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, however, increased continuously up to 4 h. 3α,20β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 3β,17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase syntheses seemed to be controlled by steroids in a non‐coordinate manner.
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The activity of pyridine nucleotide-linked 17β-and 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (s) was detected in HeLa S3 cells. Addition of progesterone to cultures failed to increase the 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity of the cells. The enzyme was partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatography on Bio-gel P-100, and the molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated at approximately 30, 000. The enzyme (s) could operate progesterone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) and androst-4-ene-3, 17-dione (17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) in the presence of either NADH or NADPH. However, there was a small difference of elution patterns from the Bio-gel column between the NADH-and NADPHlinked enzymes, while the NADPH-linked 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was eluted at the same void volume as the NADPH-linked 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity.
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