Numerical investigation of module-level inhomogeneous ageing in lithium-ion batteries from temperature gradients and electrical connection topologies
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Abstract The distribution of current/voltage can be further regulated by optimising the electrical connection topology, considering a particular battery thermal management systems. This study numerically investigates a 4P6S battery module with two connection topologies: 1) a straight connection topology, where the sub-modules consist of parallel-connected cells that are serial connected in a linear configuration, and 2) a parallelogram connection topology, where the sub-modules are serial connected in a parallelogram configuration. We find that the straight topology is more advantageous, as it allows the temperature gradient to be distributed among the parallel-connected cells in the sub-modules, mitigating over(dis)charging. Consequently, it achieves a 0.8% higher effective capacity than the parallelogram topology at 1C discharge, along with a higher state of health at 80.15% compared to 80% for the parallelogram topology. Notably, the straight topology results in a maximum current maldistribution of 0.24C at 1C discharge, which is considered an acceptable trade-off.Based on the operation of different connection forms and their characteristic curves for the centrifugal pump with series or parallel connection of pipelines, the analyses were made in this paper. The typical connection model of pipelines for the centrifugal pump of series or parallel connection was given, and the economy analyses (including energy saving analyses) were made. The basic plan for the selection of pump and the principle of connection model were proposed.
Centrifugal force
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This paper discusses the power supply project of UPS redundant parallel connection and bibus connection from the point of economy.Through calculating their reliability,we show the advantages and disadvantages of these two techniques.Finally,we present their possible applications and give a way of saving energy.
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According to the connections of the inductor and the capacitor on both primary and secondary sides, there are four types of topologies in resonant wireless power transfer, namely series-series, series-parallel, parallel-series, and parallel-parallel. Based on the circuit theory, the mathematical models of the four topologies are built. While the same transfer efficiency can be obtained from these four topologies, the system efficiency, which takes the source internal resistance loss into consideration, is different. The system efficiency of primarily parallel connection is proved to be higher than that of primarily series connection. The theoretical calculations and the experimental results confirm the conclusions.
Wireless Power Transfer
Equivalent series resistance
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This paper discusses the power supply project of UPS redundant parallel connection and bibus connection from the point of economy.Through calculating their reliability,we show the advantages and disadvantages of these two techniques.Finally,we present their possible applications and give a way of saving energy.
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ABSTRACT The paper introduces a new type of series connection that considerably increases the active area and thus the efficiency of a thin film module by a superior arrangement of the patterning grooves. The new concept is mainly based on pointwise contacts instead of continuous, stripe‐like contacts between adjacent cell stripes combined with a modified arrangement of the isolation grooves. We describe the functionality of the innovative series connection and present a method to calculate the optimal cell stripe geometry for cells based on the new series connection concept. Finally, the applicability of the new concept for a laser‐patterned thin film silicon solar module is demonstrated. The new series connection leads to a relative efficiency increase of approximately 3% compared with the standard series connection for thin film modules. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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The z -paramenters of double-port networks in series-parallel connection and in parallel-series connection are deduced,and its application in circuit analysis is introduced.
Port (circuit theory)
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Abstract The effect of pre-ageing at 0°C on the subsequent ageing at 40°C (two-step ageing) in Al-Zn 10% alloy is investigated by X-ray small-angle scattering and resistivity measurements. The size of G.P. zones at the end of the two-step ageing is found to increase on increasing the time of pre-ageing, a result which is related to the influence of temperature on zone size in single-stage ageing.
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This paper discusses the power supply project of UPS redundant parallel connection and bibus connection from the point of economy.Through calculating their reliability,we show the advantages and disadvantages of these two techniques.Finally,we present their possible applications and give a way of saving energy.
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The mechanism composition has been classified as series connection,parallel connection,series parallel connection,closed connection,stack connection,and feedback connection in this paper.It is emphasized that the primary mechanisms connected in series and parallel must be such mechanisms that have one degree of freedom only,the compound connection and feedback connection have been substituted by the closed connection.According to the connected patterns,the connection between mechanisms with one degree of freedom and multi degrees of freedom have been called the closed connection.Therefore it is quite clear to understand the theory of mechanism composition and it is easy to creat a new mechanism system when using this mechanism composition theorem.
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