Development and Validating an Explainable Model Based on Clinlabomics to Screen Retinoblastoma
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Retinoblastoma
The authors analyze the pathohistological archives of the Tashkent Research Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases for the years 1985-1994 and their own materials collected in recent years: 44 eyes enucleated for retinoblastoma. The microscopic picture of 44 tumors is as follows: retinoblastoma A in 12 (27.3%) cases, retinoblastoma B in 16 (36.3%), retinoblastoma C in 9 (20.4%), and mixed form in 7 (16%) cases. The total level of retinoblastoma A and B is almost 64%; this condition is positively life-threatening. The authors emphasize the necessity of health education of the population and improvement of primary health care and prophylactic check-ups of preschool children.
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In recent years, the treatment concept of retinoblastoma has changed from focusing on saving children's life to preserving the eyeballs and useful visual function. As a promising way to retain the eyeball, the application of vitrectomy in patients with retinoblastoma has long been debated. In view of the special anatomical structure of eyes and the biological characteristics of retinoblastoma cells, retinoblastoma is always prone to recurrence and metastasis after vitrectomy. Therefore, vitrectomy could hardly be a routine treatment and it should be used in retinoblastoma patients cautiously. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2018, 54: 649-651).近年来视网膜母细胞瘤（RB）的治疗理念已从关注保护患者的生命转变为尽可能保留患者的眼球和有用视功能。玻璃体切除术作为一种保留眼球的治疗方式，是否可以应用于RB的治疗一直存在很大争议。鉴于眼球特殊的解剖结构及RB细胞的生物学特性，本文通过分析玻璃体切除术治疗RB存在的问题以及术后复发性RB的组织病理学改变，指出RB患者进行玻璃体切除术存在较高的肿瘤复发及转移风险，玻璃体切除术不宜作为RB的常规治疗方式，应审慎选择玻璃体切除术治疗RB。（中华眼科杂志，2018，54：649-651）.
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Білім берy қоғaмның экономикaлық дaмyының негізі, әлеyметтік тұрaқтылықтың фaкторлaрының бірі, хaлықтың рyхaни-aдaмгершілік әлеyетінің және интеллектyaлдық өсyінің қaйнaр көзі ретінде бaрлық yaқыттaрдa тaптырмaс құндылық болып есептеліп келеді. Aл қaзіргідей aдaм кaпитaлын қaлыптaстырy мен дaмытy мәселесін шешy негізгі міндет ретінде қaрaстырылaтын зaмaндa хaлықтың білімдік қaжеттіліктері өсіп, жоғaры, ортa aрнayлы, кәсіби қосымшa білім aлyғa үміткерлер сaны aртa түсyде. Бұғaн жayaп ретінде білім берy ұйымдaрының сaлaлaнyы aртып, әртүрлі типтегі оқy орындaрының сaны aртyдa, білім берyдің инфрaқұрылымы, бaсқaрy формaлaры, әдістемелік, ғылыми қызмет түрлері дaмyдa. Олaрды білім aлyшылaрдың жеке сұрaныстaры мен мүмкіндіктеріне бaғыттay күшейтілyде. Осығaн орaй білімнің сaпaсынa қойылaтын тaлaптaр aртып, бұл сaлaның әлеyметпен өзaрa әрекеттестігіне негізделген құрылымдық – қызметтік дaмyының көкейтестілігі aртyдa. Мaқaлaдa «серіктестік», «әлеyметтік серіктестік», «білімдегі әлеyметтік серіктестік» ұғым- дaрының мәні aшылып, олaрдың қaлыптaсy және дaмy үрдісіне шолy жaсaлaды, жоғaры оқy орындaрындa педaгогтaрды дaярлayдa әлеyметтік серіктестердің әлеyетін пaйдaлaнyдa бaсшылыққa aлынaтын ұстaнымдaр мен тиімді жолдaры сипaттaлaды. Түйін сөздер: серіктестік, әлеyметтік серіктестік, білімдегі әлеyметтік серіктестік, бірлескен әрекет ұстaнымдaры, әлеуметтік серіктестік әлеуеті. Обрaзовaние является основой экономического рaзвития обществa, одним из фaкторов социaль- ной стaбильности, источником дyховно-нрaвственного потенциaлa и интеллектyaльного ростa людей и во все временa считaлось незaменимой ценностью. И в нaстоящее время, когдa решение проблемы формировaния и рaзвития человеческого кaпитaлa рaссмaтривaется кaк основнaя зaдaчa, рaстyт обрaзовaтельные потребности людей, yвеличивaется количество желaющих полyчить высшее, среднее, специaльное, профессионaльное дополнительное обрaзовaние. В ответ нa это yсиливaется рaзветвленность обрaзовaтельных оргaнизaций, yвеличивaется количество обрaзовaтельных оргaни- зaций рaзличного типa, рaзвивaются инфрaстрyктyрa обрaзовaния, формы yпрaвления, методическaя и нayчнaя деятельность. Yсиливaется их ориентaция нa индивидyaльные потребности и возможности обyчaющихся. В связи с этим повышaются требовaния к кaчествy обрaзовaния, возрaстaет знaчение стрyктyрно-фyнкционaльного рaзвития этой сферы нa основе взaимодействия с обществом. В стaтье рaскрывaется знaчение понятий «пaртнерство», «социaльное пaртнерство», «социaльное пaртнерство в обрaзовaнии», рaссмaтривaется процесс их стaновления и рaзвития, описывaются рyко- водящие принципы и эффективные способы использовaния потенциaлa социaльных пaртнеров в подготовке педaгогических кaдров в высших yчебных зaведениях. Ключевые словa: партнерство, социaльное пaртнерство, социaльное пaртнерство в обрaзовaнии, принципы совместного действия, поненциал социального партнерство. Education is the basis of the economic development of society, one of the factors of social stability, a source of spiritual and moral potential and intellectual growth of people and has always been considered an irreplaceable value. And at the present time, when the solution of the problem of the formation and development of human capital is considered as the main task, the educational needs of people are growing, the number of people wishing to receive higher, secondary, special, professional additional education is increasing. In response to this, the branching of educational organizations is increasing, the number of educational organizations of various types is increasing, the infrastructure of education, forms of management, methodological and scientific activities are developing. Their focus on the individual needs and capabilities of students is increasing. In this regard, the requirements for the quality of education are increasing, the importance of the structural and functional development of this sphere on the basis of interaction with society is increasing. The article reveals the meaning of the concepts of "partnership", "social partnership", "social partnership in education", examines the process of their formation and development, describes the guidelines and effective ways to use the potential of social partners in the training of teachers in higher educational institutions. Keywords: partnership, social partnership, social partnership in education, principles of joint action, the potential of social partnership.
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Of 726 eyes consecutively enucleated at the Mayo Clinic from 1954 through 1974, 41 contained retinoblastoma. In no instance was unsuspected retinoblastoma identified, nor could retinoblastoma be confirmed pathologically in an additional eight eyes in which retinoblastoma was considered in the differential diagnosis. In each of our eight misdiagnosed cases, the eyes were already blind and were cosmetically defective. The frequency of clinical misdiagnosis of retinoblastoma is high in part because it must be considered in every case of leukokoria. Although every effort was made to arrive at an accurate clinical diagnosis, the clinical misdiagnosis of retinoblastoma in a blind eye is of far less serious consequence than the clinical misdiagnosis of a tumor in a seeing eye.
Retinoblastoma
Clinical Diagnosis
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Retinoblastoma
Retinoblastoma protein
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Human retinoblastoma is caused by mutational inactivation of the retinoblastoma suppressor gene (RB). We have examined intraocular tumorigenicity of retinoblastoma cells in which RB expression was achieved by retroviral transduction. Retinoblastoma cells were injected into the anterior chambers of severe combined immunodeficient mouse eyes, and tumorigenicity was assessed. RB-expressing retinoblastoma cells usually failed to form progressive tumors in the anterior chamber, whereas the parental, RB-negative line, WERI-Rb27, was rapidly tumorigenic. These results support the hypothesis that inactivation of the RB gene is critical for the growth of retinoblastoma tumors. The potential use of RB reconstitution for treating human retinoblastoma is suggested by our finding that intraocular tumor growth can be suppressed by RB expression.
Retinoblastoma
Retinoblastoma protein
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Retinoblastoma
Eye neoplasm
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Objective To investigate the significant of Fas and bcl?2 expression in retinoblastoma.Methods The immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect Fas and bcl?2 in 45 cases of retinoblastoma and 12 cases of normal retina.Results The expression of Fas in retinoblastoma and normal retina were 0.255±0.441 and 0.083±0.289 respectively ( P =0.114?8).bcl?2 was high in retinoblastoma 2.702± 1.082 and low in normal retina 0.167±0.389,showing significant difference( P 0.000?1).Conclusion Low regulation of Fas expression in retinoblastoma and normal retina suggested that it is a throughout event which prohibit the apoptosis. The high expression of bcl?2 in retinoblastoma was close associated with the tumour development.
Retinoblastoma
Retinoblastoma protein
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