Investigation of Potential fNIRS-based Biomarkers in Multi-Domain Virtual Reality Tasks for MCI Assessment
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition and is currently the fourth leading cause of death in advanced nations. The primary cause of AD is the deterioration of neurons in areas of the brain crucial for memory, typically presenting symptoms like loss of memory and a decline in cognitive abilities. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) represents a transitional phase between normal cognitive health and AD. Recent studies have shown that within five years, 32% of individuals diagnosed with MCI experience a progression to Alzheimer's disease. Hence, the early detection and treatment of MCI are vital in decreasing the likelihood of developing AD. Traditionally, MCI assessment has relied on neuropsychological tests such as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Nevertheless, these methods have limitations, including inducing participant anxiety and fatigue, cultural biases, and the need for skilled administrators. This has shifted towards more innovative assessment methods, particularly Virtual Reality (VR) technology. VR's engaging and multisensory environment offers the potential for more effective MCI assessment. Various VR tasks, such as the Virtual Supermarket Task (VST) and VR adaptations of the Morris Water Maze and Trail Making Test, have shown promise in delivering insightful performance metrics. However, existing research has primarily focused on VR task performance evaluation, often overlooking the corresponding brain activation patterns these tasks stimulate. Compared with the task performance, the stimulated brain patterns could more directly reflect the cognitive function changes resulting from MCI. Whether these VR tasks can induce distinguishable changes in functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data between MCI and healthy individuals and which fNIRS parameters could be useful for MCI assessment is still unknown. To address this research gap, we investigated human brain activity across MIC and healthy individuals in multi-domain VR tasks. First, we selected a VR drumming task which engages multiple cognitive domains, including motor skills, rhythm, and spatial-temporal orientation. Second, we extracted some potential MCI indicators, such as functional connectivity from fNIRS data to analyse brain activity across MIC and healthy individuals in the VR task. Lastly, we examined the statistically significant parameters and discussed the underlying brain activity patterns and their potential for MCI assessment. Our findings revealed that specific brain activity and functional connectivity parameters indicated significant differences between healthy and MCI groups, suggesting the potential value of these parameters as biomarkers for VR-based MCI assessment. This study introduced the potential fNIRS parameters for MCI assessment and discussed their implications and underlying reasons. In conclusion, our study lays a promising foundation for developing and refining VR-based MCI assessments. We anticipate our findings will lead to more effective VR task designs and promote widespread MCI screening in larger populations, ultimately aiding early detection and intervention in individuals at risk of dementia. Future research should address the identified limitations and explore further enhancements in MCI and related condition assessments.Cite
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The algorithm GDBSCAN only needs two parameters.It can discover clusters of any shape.But it is very sensitive to the parameter Eps.This paper puts forward a kind of method to make sure the Eps,which is based on datagrid.The method can achieve better result on the case of data distributing unevenly and shapes of clusters reaching each other.
DBSCAN
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The thesis introduce a solution of using DataGrid coned and ComboBox control to realize DataBase of querying
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Virtual Reality hype is becoming a large part of everyday life. This paper explores the components of actual virtual reality systems, critiquing each in terms of human factors. The hardware and software of visual, aural, and haptic input and feedback are considered. Technical and human factor difficulties are discussed and some potential solutions are offered.
Everyday Life
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The subject of the study is the features of the organization of virtual reality interfaces. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as user involvement in the virtual environment, various ways and scenarios of user interaction with virtual reality, user security in the virtual environment, as well as such a phenomenon as cyberbullying and ways to prevent it. The study also considers the use of voice control as an alternative to manual. Particular attention in this study is paid to the classification of virtual reality interfaces, among which sensory interfaces, interfaces based on user motor skills, sensorimotor interfaces, interfaces for modeling and developing virtual reality are distinguished and considered in detail. The main conclusion of the study is that the virtual reality interface should be designed taking into account the ergonomics of users to prevent muscle fatigue and cyber-pain. In addition, it is very important to ensure the user's safety when designing virtual environment interfaces: using the virtual reality interface should not lead to injury to the user. To create an ergonomic and secure virtual reality interface, a combination of different types of interfaces is often required, through which the user can access an alternative control method or improved navigation. A special contribution of the author to the study of the topic is the description of the classification of virtual reality interfaces.
Interface (matter)
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Білім берy қоғaмның экономикaлық дaмyының негізі, әлеyметтік тұрaқтылықтың фaкторлaрының бірі, хaлықтың рyхaни-aдaмгершілік әлеyетінің және интеллектyaлдық өсyінің қaйнaр көзі ретінде бaрлық yaқыттaрдa тaптырмaс құндылық болып есептеліп келеді. Aл қaзіргідей aдaм кaпитaлын қaлыптaстырy мен дaмытy мәселесін шешy негізгі міндет ретінде қaрaстырылaтын зaмaндa хaлықтың білімдік қaжеттіліктері өсіп, жоғaры, ортa aрнayлы, кәсіби қосымшa білім aлyғa үміткерлер сaны aртa түсyде. Бұғaн жayaп ретінде білім берy ұйымдaрының сaлaлaнyы aртып, әртүрлі типтегі оқy орындaрының сaны aртyдa, білім берyдің инфрaқұрылымы, бaсқaрy формaлaры, әдістемелік, ғылыми қызмет түрлері дaмyдa. Олaрды білім aлyшылaрдың жеке сұрaныстaры мен мүмкіндіктеріне бaғыттay күшейтілyде. Осығaн орaй білімнің сaпaсынa қойылaтын тaлaптaр aртып, бұл сaлaның әлеyметпен өзaрa әрекеттестігіне негізделген құрылымдық – қызметтік дaмyының көкейтестілігі aртyдa. Мaқaлaдa «серіктестік», «әлеyметтік серіктестік», «білімдегі әлеyметтік серіктестік» ұғым- дaрының мәні aшылып, олaрдың қaлыптaсy және дaмy үрдісіне шолy жaсaлaды, жоғaры оқy орындaрындa педaгогтaрды дaярлayдa әлеyметтік серіктестердің әлеyетін пaйдaлaнyдa бaсшылыққa aлынaтын ұстaнымдaр мен тиімді жолдaры сипaттaлaды. Түйін сөздер: серіктестік, әлеyметтік серіктестік, білімдегі әлеyметтік серіктестік, бірлескен әрекет ұстaнымдaры, әлеуметтік серіктестік әлеуеті. Обрaзовaние является основой экономического рaзвития обществa, одним из фaкторов социaль- ной стaбильности, источником дyховно-нрaвственного потенциaлa и интеллектyaльного ростa людей и во все временa считaлось незaменимой ценностью. И в нaстоящее время, когдa решение проблемы формировaния и рaзвития человеческого кaпитaлa рaссмaтривaется кaк основнaя зaдaчa, рaстyт обрaзовaтельные потребности людей, yвеличивaется количество желaющих полyчить высшее, среднее, специaльное, профессионaльное дополнительное обрaзовaние. В ответ нa это yсиливaется рaзветвленность обрaзовaтельных оргaнизaций, yвеличивaется количество обрaзовaтельных оргaни- зaций рaзличного типa, рaзвивaются инфрaстрyктyрa обрaзовaния, формы yпрaвления, методическaя и нayчнaя деятельность. Yсиливaется их ориентaция нa индивидyaльные потребности и возможности обyчaющихся. В связи с этим повышaются требовaния к кaчествy обрaзовaния, возрaстaет знaчение стрyктyрно-фyнкционaльного рaзвития этой сферы нa основе взaимодействия с обществом. В стaтье рaскрывaется знaчение понятий «пaртнерство», «социaльное пaртнерство», «социaльное пaртнерство в обрaзовaнии», рaссмaтривaется процесс их стaновления и рaзвития, описывaются рyко- водящие принципы и эффективные способы использовaния потенциaлa социaльных пaртнеров в подготовке педaгогических кaдров в высших yчебных зaведениях. Ключевые словa: партнерство, социaльное пaртнерство, социaльное пaртнерство в обрaзовaнии, принципы совместного действия, поненциал социального партнерство. Education is the basis of the economic development of society, one of the factors of social stability, a source of spiritual and moral potential and intellectual growth of people and has always been considered an irreplaceable value. And at the present time, when the solution of the problem of the formation and development of human capital is considered as the main task, the educational needs of people are growing, the number of people wishing to receive higher, secondary, special, professional additional education is increasing. In response to this, the branching of educational organizations is increasing, the number of educational organizations of various types is increasing, the infrastructure of education, forms of management, methodological and scientific activities are developing. Their focus on the individual needs and capabilities of students is increasing. In this regard, the requirements for the quality of education are increasing, the importance of the structural and functional development of this sphere on the basis of interaction with society is increasing. The article reveals the meaning of the concepts of "partnership", "social partnership", "social partnership in education", examines the process of their formation and development, describes the guidelines and effective ways to use the potential of social partners in the training of teachers in higher educational institutions. Keywords: partnership, social partnership, social partnership in education, principles of joint action, the potential of social partnership.
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The nationally-recognized Susquehanna
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music making, successful in their
aim to make the audience feel,
to be moved, to be part of the
performance - and all this while
working at an extremely high
musical level.AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA¢AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA Experience choral
singing that will take you to new
heights!
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