Transcriptome analysis of Aeromonas hydrophila infected Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)
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Edwardsiella ictaluri
Ictaluridae
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Channel catfish(Ictalurus punctatus Rafinsque) were immunized with three vaccines(formalin killed Aeromonas hydrophila:F-Ah,lipopolysaccharide:LPS and outer membrane protein: OMP).The immune response against three vaccines and protective immunity by challenging with live A.hydrophila of channel catfish were studied by determining agglutination antibody titers and phagocytic activity of phagocyies in head kidney and blood,and challenging with live A.hydrophila.The result showed that all 3 vaccines could stimulate stronger immune response in the immunized channel fish and all channel fish immunized by 3 vaccines produced specific agglutination antibody,while fish immunized by F-Ah was the highest,followed by OMP,LPS was the least.Phagocytic activity of phagocyies in head kidney and blood of immunized fish increased significantly than control group,the highest was LPS,followed by OMP,F-Ah was the lowest.The result of challenging with live A.hydrophila showed that all channel catfish immunized by 3 vaccines had relative percent survival(RPS)at different degree.OMP had the highest RPS,which was 72.5%,followed by LPS(62.5%) and F-Ah(24.2%).
Agglutination (biology)
Ictaluridae
Antibody titer
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Abstract Although a concerted effort in catfish nutrition research in the United States did not begin until the late 1950s/early 1960s, the genesis of both the catfish industry and catfish nutrition research is rooted in studies conducted early in the 20th century. Thus, a historical view delineating the progression of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus , nutrition from 1900 to the present is given. Notable nutrition research programs, as well as significant events and accomplishments, will be examined.
Ictaluridae
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Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus that were naturally exposed to Edwardsiella ictaluri were acquired from a catfish farmer and transported to the laboratory. The 6-month-old channel catfish (mean length, 14.9 cm) had a normal appearance without symptoms of enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC. For 5 d, one group of channel catfish was given feed containing the antibiotic Romet-30® (8 kg/tonne) at a daily rate of 1% (about 20 g/fish), and the other group received feed without medication. About one-third of the channel catfish in the untreated group developed clinical signs of ESC and died within 3 d after transportation to the laboratory; survivors were killed after 11 d because of their poor condition. The group of channel catfish treated with Romet-30 had no signs of ESC or deaths caused by ESC. The presence of E. ictaluri in the trunk kidney oftreated channel catfish was demonstrated by a microscopic immunofluorescence method and selective enrichment culture at 90 and 270 d. The percentage of treated channel catfish positive for the presence of E. ictaluri increased from about 40 to 70% between 90 and 270 d. The percentage of treated channel catfish positive for antibodies against E. ictaluri increased from 44 to 82% between 30 and 270 d. Challenge infection of these fish with E. ictaluri showed that most were protected from ESC. The results show that healthy channel catfish exposed to E. ictaluri and subsequently treated with Romet-30 can be carriers of E. ictaluri and may serve as a reservoir of infection for fish susceptible to ESC.
Edwardsiella ictaluri
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Ictaluridae
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Culture of channel catfish, "Ictalurus punctatus," accounts for virtually all catfish production. Recently, however, an increasing number of catfish farmers are growing or are considering the culture of blue catfish, "I. furcatus." Current and past research the compared the culture traits of channel and blue catfish are reviewed. Blue catfish could be potentially advantageous for certain farm environments. Strain effects in both species are important. In general, channel catfish grow faster to market size than do blue catfish. However, some strains of blue catfish grow faster than many strains of channel catfish. Blue catfish are more vulnerable to parasites such as "Icthyophthirius" and to bacterial infections such as those from "Flexibacter columnaris when compared to channel catfish. Blue catfish do not tolerate handling as well as channel catfish, and handling stress often leads to infections in blue catfish. However, blue catfish have high resistance to enteric septicemia of catfish caused by "Edwardsiella ictaluri" and to channel catfish virus when compared to channel catfish. Blue catfish are twice as vulnerable to harvest by seining than channel catfish, and have a higher dress-out percentage than most strains of channel carfish. Channel catfish tolerate lower dissolved oxygen levels than do blue catfish. Blue catfish require one more year to reach sexual maturity than do channel catfish.
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Ictaluridae
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Abstract. The 96‐h medium tolerance limit of Furanace (nifurpirinol: P‐7138) for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus at 21°C was 0‐94 mg/1. The most effective treatment level for channel catfish, experimentally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila , was 2mg/1 for 6.5 h. Furanace at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/1 in brain heart infusion agar reduced in vitro growth of A. hydrophila and at 2.0 mg/1 growth was completely
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The effects of the extracellular products (ECP) and endotoxin from Aeromonas hydrophila grown in a defined medium were determined following intraperitoneal injection of young-of-the-year channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Endotoxin had no lethal effects in doses as high as 400 μg per 7.2-g fish, whereas ECP had a 48-hour median lethal concentration (LD50) of 15.7 μg per 7.2-g fish. Sublethal doses of ECP often produced many of the gross pathologies associated with A. hydrophila infections. The primary lethal factor was heat-labile at 56 C for 10 minutes, but a heat-stable component was also implicated.
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Abstract Processing plants prefer live catfish ranging from 0.45 to 1.81 kg as they are readily processed and sold to established markets. Catfish routinely escape harvest, become “big fish” (>1.81 kg) in one to two production cycles, receive a reduced price, and can reduce farm profitability. This study determined age structure of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus and hybrid catfish (male Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus × female Channel Catfish) that were “big fish” from commercial catfish ponds and estimated growth rates to determine when fish reach these sizes. In summer 2018, 153 Channel Catfish and 134 hybrid catfish were collected from commercial catfish farms in western Alabama and aged using lapilli otoliths. Hybrid catfish had faster growth than Channel Catfish and were larger at every age‐class sampled during the study. Premium‐sized fish were comprised solely of age‐2 and age‐3 fish for both species, but 72% of age‐2 Channel Catfish were premium size, compared to only 40% of age‐2 hybrid catfish. On average, Channel Catfish and hybrid catfish reached “big fish” size in 2.5 and 1.5 years, respectively. Thus, farmers should try to harvest most fish within these time frames or renovate ponds to mitigate these issues.
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