Flame retardant modification of poplar wood based on sustainable impregnation solution with high biomass content
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Flame retardant materials have been increased in many application field lately. There are many regulations of flame retardant materials in the world such as WEEE, RoHS, UL, CSA and AS speci-Fications.Recently in these requirement, not only flame retardant properties but also enviromental safety are included and must take care of these inclination to select the flame retardant agents.I introduced the typical flame retardant regulation in EU and Japan, and the present situation of flame retardant agents in this paper.The role of flame retardant mechanisms to develop new agents should now be reconsidered again.
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A new organic phosphorus flame retardant—hydroxmethylphenylphosphinic acid(HMPPA) is synthesized,and characterized through IR,~1HNMR,MS.HMPPA is copolymerized with PET to synthesize the flame retardant and the flame retardant properties are investigated by limited oxygen index analysis.The thermal stability of HMPPA is compared with the commercial product,2-carboxethyl phenylphosphinic acid(CEPPA).Both the thermal stability of the two flame retardant monomers and their flame retardant properties indicate that HMPPA is a good updater of CEPPA.
Thermal Stability
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The paper plate is treated by the watery intumescent fire retardant.First,the watery fire retardant,whose component is modified amidinourea phosphate is prepared,then the 125g ordinary paper plate is macerated in the fire retardant liquid with different mass concentration for 5 min,and baked to constant weight in vacuum dry oven at 80 ℃.After the sample is treated by the fire retardant liquid of above 15% mass concentration,its combustion properties fit with claims of the standards.The sample macerated by the watery fire retardant possesses evident fire retardant effect.
Intumescent
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The flame retardant characteristics of PP/MMt nanocomomposites,included the preparation methods,the characterization microstructures,analytical techniques of flame retardant,and also the burning behavior and the mechanism of flame retardant were reviewed.Some unsolved problems and development potentials for this flame retardant approach were presented.
Characterization
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By making use of synergistic effect of fire retardant elements, fire re,ardant liquid is investigated. This fire retardant liquid has good fire retardant effects and is low cost suitable for fire retardant products made of timber, when ignited with flame only carbonated without combustion.
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Phosphorus-nitrogen fire retardant was used as the working fluid to study the fire-retardant technology on cotton fabrics.The process of long-lasting fire retardant technology,the technological conditions and the effect of fire retardant on cotton fabrics were introduced.According to the fire-retardant synergies theory,a new phosphorus-nitrogen(P-N) fire retardant called Fr-21 which was developed by the chemistry department of Zhengzhou University was used in this experiment.Fr-21 is innocuous,LSZH environmental and water-soluble.It had excellent fire retardant effect,did not damage the brute force and hand feeling of fabrics.
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Purpose The epoxy resins need to be added with flame retardant to ensure safety in practical applications. There were a lot of highly toxic substances in the flame retardant used in the past, which caused greater harm to human body and the environment. Therefore, this study aims to propose a research on the synthesis of new phosphorous-containing flame retardant and the properties of flame retardant epoxy resins. Design/methodology/approach The flame retardant intermediate DOPO was synthesized using o-phenylphenol as the substrate. The intermediate was mixed with D4Vi under certain conditions to synthesize a new phosphorous-containing flame retardant. The flame retardant was added to the epoxy resins to prepare the flame retardant epoxy resins. Findings The experimental results show that the synthetic new phosphorous-containing flame retardant is far less harmful than the flame retardant used in the past and has extremely low toxicity, which is suitable for use in practical projects. Originality/value The new phosphorus-containing flame retardant synthesized by forms a more uniform and dense carbon layer in the combustion process, which well protects the underlying materials, thus improving the flame retardancy of epoxy resin materials. The harm of the new phosphorus-containing flame retardant is far less than that of ordinary flame retardant. The flame retardant used in the past has very low toxicity and is suitable for practical engineering.
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Wood-based composites is widely used in building and interior decoration field. However, it is easy for wood to get burnt, and abundant toxic smoke generating during the burning process has caused great casualties and property loss. In this study, poplar wood was chosen as test materials, and three fire-retardant were selected, i.e. the inorganic X type fire-retardant and the organic fire-retardant named F type, and the Z type fire-retardant which is an ordinary organic and inorganic combination fire-retardant and contains element Cl and N. Then after different treated process, three types of gluing composite lumbers were prepared. Thereafter, DSC, TG etc were adopted, and the fire-retardant, smoke-suppressant and mechanical performance of lumber were compared and evaluated. The results indicated that : (1) In a certain range of fire-retardant concentration, with the increase of concentration, all of these three fire-retardant had a much better fire-retardant and smoke- suppressant performance while the bonding strength of composite didn't show much variation and met the requirement of GB. (2) For the F type fire-retardant, when the concentration and process technique were the same, the fire-retarded performance of Y type was better than the other two types, and it also had a good smoke-suppressant performance. (3) X type fire-retardant had an excellent fire-retardant and smoke-suppressant performance when its concentration was relatively large. (4) For Z type fire-retardant, it had a good fire-retarding performance with a relatively small smoke amount, but some toxic gas such as HCl and NH 3 was generated.
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