Five-Year Outcomes among U.S. Bronchiectasis and NTM Research Registry Patients
Timothy R. AksamitNicholas LocantoreDoreen Addrizzo‐HarrisJuzar AliAlan R. BarkerAshwin BasavarajMegan BehrmanAmanda E. BruntonSarah ChalmersRadmila ChoateNathan C. DeanAngela DiMangoDavid FraulinoMargaret M. JohnsonN. LapinelDiego J. MaselliPamela J. McShaneMark L. MeterskyBruce E. MillerEdward T. NaureckasAnne E. O’DonnellKenneth N. OlivierElly PrusinowskiMarcos I. RestrepoC. RichardsGloria RhyneAndreas SchmidGeorge M. SolomonRuth Tal‐SingerByron ThomashowGregory TinoKevin TsuiSumith Abraham VargheseHeather E. WarrenKevin WinthropBeth Shoshanna Zha
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Abstract:
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are prevalent among patients with bronchiectasis. However, the long-term natural history of patients with NTM and bronchiectasis is not well described.Keywords:
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Mycobacterium avium complex
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Mycobacterium avium complex
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本邦における肺非結核性抗酸菌（nontuberculous mycobacteria：NTM）症のほとんどは，Mycobacterium avium complex（MAC）による肺MAC症である．肺MAC症は，大きく線維空洞型と結節・気管支拡張型の2つの病型に分けられる．この他，全身性播種型や過敏性肺炎型といった特殊病型も知られている．近年，本邦で患者数増加を指摘されているのは，結節・気管支拡張型の肺MAC症で，中高年の非喫煙女性に好発する．肺MAC症の診断には，胸部画像所見の臨床的基準と，「2回以上の異なった喀痰検体での培養陽性」を基本とする細菌学的基準があり，この2つの基準を満たすことで肺MAC症と診断する1)．治療の基本は，クラリスロマイシンを主薬とする多剤併用の化学療法である．しかし，化学療法後の再発も決して稀ではないことから，化学療法に加え，菌の散布源となる肺主病巣を切除する外科治療も集学的に行うことが提案されている．
Mycobacterium avium complex
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection
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To determine whether plumbing could be a source of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection, during 2007-2009 I isolated NTM from samples from household water systems of NTM patients. Samples from 22/37 (59%) households and 109/394 (28%) total samples yielded NTM. Seventeen (46%) of the 37 households yielded ≥1 Mycobacterium spp. isolate of the same species as that found in the patient; in 7 of those households, the patient isolate and 1 plumbing isolate exhibited the same repetitive sequence-based PCR DNA fingerprint. Households with water heater temperatures ≤125 degrees C (≤50 degrees C) were significantly more likely to harbor NTM compared with households with hot water temperatures ≥130 degrees F (≥55 degrees C) (p = 0.0107). Although households with water from public or private water systems serving multiple households were more likely to have NTM (19/27, 70%) compared with households with a well providing water to only 1 household (5/12, 42%), that difference was not significant (p = 0.1532).
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Mycobacterium avium complex
Mycobacterium Infections
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Purpose of review Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease, especially pulmonary disease, is increasingly encountered by clinicians. Therapy of the most common nontuberculous mycobacterial pathogen, Mycobacterium avium complex, improved with the introduction of macrolide-containing regimens, but treatment for this and most other nontuberculous mycobacterial pathogens remains difficult. Recent findings Treatment trials with macrolide-containing regimens for Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease have yielded generally favorable outcomes. Studies consistently show that in-vitro susceptibility to macrolides remains the only in-vitro susceptibility for Mycobacterium avium complex that correlates with in-vivo response. Patients who have macrolide-resistant Mycobacterium avium complex isolates are much harder to treat and have higher mortality than patients with macrolide-susceptible isolates. Studies also consistently show that patients who fail therapy, even those who remain macrolide susceptible in vitro, are more difficult to treat than patients without previous therapy. Summary There have been no significant treatment advances for Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease, and nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in general, since the advent of the newer macrolides. It has become clear that the best opportunity for treatment success is the first treatment effort. It is also clear that protection against the emergence of macrolide-resistant Mycobacterium avium complex isolates is critically important. For further progress in the treatment of these pathogens, new and more active drugs must be developed.
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Mycobacterium avium complex
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection
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ABSTRACT A PCR assay based on the simultaneous detection of IS 1245 and IS 1311 was developed and used to determine the host range of these insertion elements. Specific PCR products were observed in Mycobacterium malmoense , Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, and Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum , indicating that IS 1245 and IS 1311 are not limited to the Mycobacterium avium complex.
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Mycobacterium avium complex
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Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the most frequent pathogen causing nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infection. Herein, we report a 55-year-old non-smoking female who had been diagnosed with bronchiectasis previously. She had also had small discrete nodules running a very slow, progressive course for at least 3 years, and was eventually diagnosed with MAC lung disease. In a patient with bronchiectatic imaging findings, especially with associated nodular lesions, pulmonary MAC infection may be considered as a possible etiology.
Mycobacterium avium complex
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Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
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Data on nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. During 2006-2008, we identified 3 HIV-infected patients in northern Tanzania who had invasive NTM; 2 were infected with "Mycobacterium sherrisii" and 1 with M. avium complex sequevar MAC-D. Invasive NTM disease is present in HIV-infected patients in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Mycobacterium avium complex
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Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and M. abscessus complex (MABC) comprise the two most important human pathogen groups causing nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD). However, there are limited data regarding NTM-LD caused by mixed NTM infections.
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We measured annual prevalence of microbiologically defined nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in Ontario, Canada. Mycobacterium avium prevalence was 13 cases/100,000 persons in 2020, a 2.5-fold increase from 2010, indicating a large increase in true M. avium lung disease. During the same period, M. xenopi decreased nearly 50%, to 0.84 cases/100,000 persons.
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Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection
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