In Vitro Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Imidazolium Poly(ionic liquids) Microspheres Loaded in GelMA-PEG Hydrogels
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Repairing damaged tissue caused by bacterial infection poses a significant challenge. Traditional antibacterial hydrogels typically incorporate various components such as metal antimicrobials, inorganic antimicrobials, organic antimicrobials, and more. However, drawbacks such as the emergence of multi-drug resistance to antibiotics, the low antibacterial efficacy of natural agents, and the potential cytotoxicity associated with metal antibacterial nanoparticles in hydrogels hindered their broader clinical application. In this study, we successfully developed imidazolium poly(ionic liquids) (PILs) polymer microspheres (APMs) through emulsion polymerization. These APMs exhibited notable antibacterial effectiveness and demonstrated minimal cell toxicity. Subsequently, we integrated the APMs into a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)—polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel. This composite hydrogel not only showcased strong antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties but also facilitated the migration of human skin fibroblasts (HSF) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and promoted osteogenic differentiation in vitro.Keywords:
Gelatin
Low Toxic Emulsifiable Concentrates of Pyrethroids with Polyethylene Glycol and Polypropylene Glycol
ポリエチレングリコール (PEG) またはポリプロピレングリコール (PPG) を用いて, ピレスロイドの乳剤化を検討した. PEGおよびPPGの平均分子量 (Mw) がおのおの150および134以上のとき, フェンプロパスリンは10%まで, エスフェンバレレートは20%まで相溶性が良好であった. また, PEGおよびPPGのMwがおのおの150～600および134～300のとき, フェンプロパスリン5, 10%乳剤およびエスフェンバレレート5, 10, 20%乳剤は, いずれも乳化安定性が良好であった. PPG (Mw=300) を溶剤としたフェンプロパスリン5%乳剤の乳化分散性は, 5～20℃では100%であったが, 250Cおよび30℃では約80%とやや低下した. この乳剤に少量の乳化剤を添加すると, 高温での乳化分散性が向上した. PEGまたはPPGを溶剤としたフェンプロパスリンおよびエスフェンバレレート5%乳剤とPEGを溶剤としたフェンバレレート, パーメスリン, d-フェノスリンおよびサイパーメスリン10%乳剤は, いずれも対応する通常の乳剤に比べ急性経口毒性が明らかに軽減された. PEGまたはPPGを溶剤としたエスフェンバレレート5%乳剤は, ウサギの眼に対する刺激性も軽減された. さらに, PEGまたはPPGを溶剤とした乳剤は, 臭気や引火性の面でも通常の乳剤より優れていた. これらの乳剤は, 保存安定性, 低温安定性, 自己乳化性, 生物効力も良好であった.
Polypropylene glycol
PEG 400
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PEG (polyethylene glycol) /Dex (dextran) およびPEG/PK (リン酸カリウム) 系による水性二相抽出法をパパイヤラテックスからのパパインの分離・精製に用いた.分配係数はパパインと分配系との間に作用する静電的, 立体的, 疎水的などの各種の相互作用に依存するが, PEG/PK系では, PEGとパパインとの疎水的相互作用の寄与が大きく, 分配係数と選択性はPEG/Dex系より高い.また, パパイヤラテックス粉末を水性二相系に直接添加し, 浸出と分離を同時に行わせる方式はパパイヤラテックスの浸出液を分配させる方式よりも有効である.PEGのOHをパパインと特異的アフィニティを持つ各種のリガンドで置換し, それらの修飾PEGを水性二相抽出に用いた.その結果, 分配係数と選択性は大きく向上するが, その結果はPB (Procion-Blue) -PEGを用いたPEG/PK系で顕著である.
PEG 400
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Fengci mulberry seeds being used as material,the effects of the different contents of polyethylene glycol(PEG)(0,1,2.5,5,7.5 and 10 g/L-simulated drought stress on mulberry seed germination and physiology were studied.The results showed that the germination velocity,ratio and potential of the seeds that were treated with 1 % PEG were higher than the CK,but those of other treatments were obviously decreased as the increase of the content of PEG.The seeds treated with 10 %PEG did not germinate after 5 days.The proline content was decreased when they were treated with low content of PEG and increased when they were treated with high content of PEG,but the content of dissoluble protein and sugar was increased along with the increase of the content of PEG.
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Protoplast
Cell fusion
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목적: Polyethylene glycol (PEG)은 우수한 정결효과와 특히 전해질이나 수분의 소실이 적어 대장내시경 전처치액으로 가장 널리 사용되고 있다. 검사의 시작시간에 따라 PEG 용액의 복용완료로부터 검사까지의 시간에 차이가 나타나고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 PEG 용액의 복용완료 시점에서 검사까지의 경과시간에 따른 장 정결도의 차이가 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2008년 3월부터 2009년 2월까지 대장내시경 검사를 받은 1,355명을 대상으로 하였으며, PEG 용액을 검사 당일 오전 6-8시부터 총 4리터를 시간당 1리터씩 복용하도록 하였다. 모든 대장내시경 검사는 오후에 시행하였으며, PEG 용액의 복용시작시간, 복용완료시간, 복용량과 복용완료 후 검사시작까지의 경과시간과 장 정결도를 측정하였다. 결과: PEG용액의 복용 완료 후 대장내시경 시작까지의 경과시간이 7시간 미만인 경우의 세 구간(2≤ and <3 hours, 3≤ and <5 hours, 5≤ and <7 hours)에서는 구간별 장 정결도에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 경과 시간이 7시간 이상인 경우에서는 나머지 세 구간의 경우 보다, 정결도가 더 좋지 않음을 보였다(P<0.01). 결론: PEG 용액 복용완료 후 7시간 이상 경과되면 장정결도가 악화되므로, 대장내시경 검사 예정시간에 따라 PEG 용액의 복용 시작시간을 조절할 필요성이 있을 것으로 생각한다.
PEG 400
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Synthesis of a variety of 1,5-benzothiazepines using polyethylene glycol PEG-400 as a medium and promoter.The synthesis is carried out using ultrasonic irradiation.The advantage of this protocol is that it eco-friendly, mild reaction conditions and the synthesis highlights the use of ultrasound irradiation.
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Fe3+とM2+(M=Ni,Cu,Co,Zn)を含む複シュウ酸塩を,金属硝酸塩水和物のポリエチレングリコール(以後PEGと略す)溶液を353 K,3h加熱処理することで調製した。シュウ酸塩は,PEG溶液中のPEG-陽イオン複合体が硝酸イオンによって酸化されることで生成した。得られたシュウ酸塩の構造と陽イオン組成は,出発物質であるPEG溶液の組成だけでなく,PEG分子量にも依存した。PEG分子量の増加により,得られたシュウ酸塩の結晶化度や粒子の大きさが増大した。これらの事実を理解するためにPEG溶液中のPEG-陽イオン複合体の生成過程について二つのモデルを検討した。それらは,Fe3+とM2+のPEGへの配位が独立に起こると仮定するものと協同的に起こると仮定するものである。これらのモデルを用いてPEG溶液の陽イオン組成と得られたシュウ酸塩の陽イオン組成の間の関係式を導いた。モデルから導かれた関係と実験結果を比較した結果,Fe3+がPEGに配位するとき,その近傍で常にM2+のPEGへの配位が起こることがわかった。
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Molecular mass
Gel permeation chromatography
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14C-labelled polyethylene glycol (PEG) (5 muCi/l) was used as a non-absorbable marker in human jejunum both with and without carrier PEG (5 g/l). Calculation of net water flux was virtually identical whether or not the carrier PEG was included in the perfusion solution. 14C-PEG alone is a satisfactory non-absorbable marker for perfusion studies in the human jejunum.
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We have used two general approaches to facilit:1te the growth of protein c1ystals for X-ray diffi•action experiments.The first approach is called SAF, for smallest, active fi:agment.SAF is simply a logical extension of the old observation that proteolytic fi•agments of proteins often both harbour complete biological activity and form useful c1ystals more reaclily than the full length protein.However, rather than depend on the fortuitous position of protease recognition sites, SAF couples partial proteolysis with deletion analysis in order to refine the bmmdaries of the domain of interest.In practice, an iterative cycle of partial proteolysis, deletion analysis, biochemical assays, protein over-expression and c1ystallization is used to identify a domain that fonm diffraction-quality crystals.SAF capitalizes on the ease and rapidity of subcloning, overexpressing and pmifying proteins as well as the technical ease and availability ofN-tenninal sequencing and mass spectrometry.We have used the SAF approach for three proteins, and we have generated fragments of each that were suitable for str11cture detemrination.The second approach.lipid-layer seeding, uses lipid monolayers to seed c1ystal growth.We observed several years ago that two-din1ensional protein cryst:1ls grown on lipid layers effectively nucleate the epita\.ialgrowth of three din1ensional protein c1yst:1ls.In this way, crystals suitable for X -ray crystallography can be grow11 more rapidly, and at subst:mtially lower protein concentrations and precipit:mts than for conventional c1ystal 1:Iials.The methodology has now been developed such that the procedure takes only a few seconds per c1ystal trial.We are now applying the method to an assortment of proteins in an effort to demonstr•ate the generality of the approach.
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