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    The electrical conductivity of PPS doped with TCNQ is of the order of 10 -8 S/cm and higher than that of non-doped PPS by more than ten orders of magnitude. By the exposure of this TCNQ doped PPS to I 2 vapor, the conductivity increases an additional four orders of magnitude. For the single doping of TCNQ, the maximum conductivity is obtained at about 10% (weight%) of TCNQ. But in the case of double doping, a maximum conductivity as high as 10 -3 S/cm is obtained for the PPS containing 3% of TCNQ, which is also much higher than the conductivity obtained by single doping of I 2 (10 -8 S/cm).
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    The ion conductivity is a very practical significance parameter f or organic electrolyte solution. And it can provide the principle of guidance for design. The influences of organic electrolyte solution on the ion conductivity w as discussed from the below points: 1) the influence of salt's concentration, 2) the influence of electrolyte salts on the ion conductivity, 3) the influence of solvate ion radius on the conductivity, 4) the influence of viscosity of organi c electrolyte solution on the ion conductivity.
    Molar conductivity
    Citations (1)
    The inactivation effect of E.coli with different combination modes of UV and chlorine was compared.The result shows that the combination of UV and chlorine can improve the inactivation effect.However,different combination modes and different doses of UV and chlorine affect the inactivation effect.Simultaneous disinfection with UV and chlorine has lower effect than sequential disinfection.During disinfection with chlorine followed by UV,addition of high-concentration chlorine with short contact time has better disinfection efficiency.During disinfection with UV followed by chlorine,high chlorine dose has high inactivation rate.When the chlorine concentration is the same and the contact time is different,the difference of inactivation effect is not significant.
    Citations (2)
    An interesting phenomenon observed in the near-anode region of a Hall thruster is that the anode fall changes from positive to negative upon removal of the dielectric coating, which is produced on the anode surface during the normal course of Hall thruster operation. The anode fall might affect the thruster lifetime and acceleration efficiency. The effect of the anode coating on the anode fall is studied experimentally using both biased and emissive probes. Measurements of discharge current oscillations indicate that thruster operation is more stable with the coated anode.
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    Chlorine content,distribution and accumulation,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were influenced remarkably by different amount of chlorine applied.Chlorine content and accumulation increased remarkably as increasing chlorine rate.There was a linear relationship between chlorine rate and chlorine content or accumulation.Chlorine distribution in upper leaves increased evidently as increasing the amount of applied chlorine from 0 kg/hm~2 to 48 kg/hm~2;and distribution in middle and lower leaves increased remarkably as increasing the amount of applied chlorine to 96 kg/hm~2;chlorine distribution in stem and roots had degressive trend as decreasing the amount of applied chlorine.Yield,quality and chemical composition were the best with 24 kg/hm~2 of chlorine applied;no chlorine applied or applied chlorine more than 24 kg/hm~2 had worse effects on yield and quality.
    Curing of tobacco
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    This paper studies the behavior of anode bubbles by transparency cell.Anode bubbles grew gradually at anode bottom.The bubbles generated on anode side were smaller than those of anode bottom.Obvious phenomena that diameter of anode bubbles opposite to the cathode was the smallest in all bubbles were observed.The bubbles generated on the anode surface don't collect into bigger bubbles,which is different from the bubbles generated in other parts of anode.The bubbles generated at anode bottom overflow electrolyte by moving between anode and cathode.The diameter of anode bubbles affects cell voltages.Cell voltage increases by 0.21V with diameter of anode bubbles increasing 3 mm.The cell voltage changes by 0.16 V when anode bubbles generated at anode bottom separated from anode at 0.5 A/cm2.The value was 0.12 V at 0.3 A/cm2.
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