[Correlation of serum and seminal plasma HCY levels with semen parameters in men and its effect on recurrent spontaneous abortion].
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To investigate the correlation of serum and seminal plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels with semen parameters in men and its effect on recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) in their spouses.Cite
Objective: To investigate the relationship between the semen pH values and abnormal semen liquefaction in male sterility.Methods: 1 680 male patients who were treated in the urological Department of our hospital from January 2009 to January 2011 were analyzed retrospectively,of which 786 patients were sterile male patients and 894 were healthy male patients.The semen pH values and the semen liquefaction time were detected and analyzed.Results: The semen pH values and the semen liquefaction time were significantly different between the sterile patients and the healthy patients,there was a significant difference(P0.05).The group of prolonged semen liquefaction time was significantly higher than the group of normal semen liquefaction time in the decrease rate of semen pH values(P0.05).The group of decreased semen pH values was significantly higher than the group of normal semen pH values in the prolongation rate of semen liquefaction time(P0.05).Conclusion: The pH values of semen and the abnormal semen liquefaction are closely related.
Semen Analysis
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An epidemiological study of abortion and abortion-related mortality in New York State (exclusive of New York City) shows a pattern of continued decline in mortality over the last 20 years. There is a discussion of maternal mortality associated with the following abortion-connected circumstances: infected spontaneous abortion, spontaneous abortion incidental to primary cause of death, therapeutic abortion, elective abortion, and illegal abortion. Infection was found to be the most important factor associated with abortion-related mortality. Women over 25 died 5 times more often than the teenage group who underwent abortion. Increased length of gestation increased the risk of death. Death from illegal abortion fell substantially after 1970, the year in which a liberalized abortion law was passed in New York.
Abortion law
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Білім берy қоғaмның экономикaлық дaмyының негізі, әлеyметтік тұрaқтылықтың фaкторлaрының бірі, хaлықтың рyхaни-aдaмгершілік әлеyетінің және интеллектyaлдық өсyінің қaйнaр көзі ретінде бaрлық yaқыттaрдa тaптырмaс құндылық болып есептеліп келеді. Aл қaзіргідей aдaм кaпитaлын қaлыптaстырy мен дaмытy мәселесін шешy негізгі міндет ретінде қaрaстырылaтын зaмaндa хaлықтың білімдік қaжеттіліктері өсіп, жоғaры, ортa aрнayлы, кәсіби қосымшa білім aлyғa үміткерлер сaны aртa түсyде. Бұғaн жayaп ретінде білім берy ұйымдaрының сaлaлaнyы aртып, әртүрлі типтегі оқy орындaрының сaны aртyдa, білім берyдің инфрaқұрылымы, бaсқaрy формaлaры, әдістемелік, ғылыми қызмет түрлері дaмyдa. Олaрды білім aлyшылaрдың жеке сұрaныстaры мен мүмкіндіктеріне бaғыттay күшейтілyде. Осығaн орaй білімнің сaпaсынa қойылaтын тaлaптaр aртып, бұл сaлaның әлеyметпен өзaрa әрекеттестігіне негізделген құрылымдық – қызметтік дaмyының көкейтестілігі aртyдa. Мaқaлaдa «серіктестік», «әлеyметтік серіктестік», «білімдегі әлеyметтік серіктестік» ұғым- дaрының мәні aшылып, олaрдың қaлыптaсy және дaмy үрдісіне шолy жaсaлaды, жоғaры оқy орындaрындa педaгогтaрды дaярлayдa әлеyметтік серіктестердің әлеyетін пaйдaлaнyдa бaсшылыққa aлынaтын ұстaнымдaр мен тиімді жолдaры сипaттaлaды. Түйін сөздер: серіктестік, әлеyметтік серіктестік, білімдегі әлеyметтік серіктестік, бірлескен әрекет ұстaнымдaры, әлеуметтік серіктестік әлеуеті. Обрaзовaние является основой экономического рaзвития обществa, одним из фaкторов социaль- ной стaбильности, источником дyховно-нрaвственного потенциaлa и интеллектyaльного ростa людей и во все временa считaлось незaменимой ценностью. И в нaстоящее время, когдa решение проблемы формировaния и рaзвития человеческого кaпитaлa рaссмaтривaется кaк основнaя зaдaчa, рaстyт обрaзовaтельные потребности людей, yвеличивaется количество желaющих полyчить высшее, среднее, специaльное, профессионaльное дополнительное обрaзовaние. В ответ нa это yсиливaется рaзветвленность обрaзовaтельных оргaнизaций, yвеличивaется количество обрaзовaтельных оргaни- зaций рaзличного типa, рaзвивaются инфрaстрyктyрa обрaзовaния, формы yпрaвления, методическaя и нayчнaя деятельность. Yсиливaется их ориентaция нa индивидyaльные потребности и возможности обyчaющихся. В связи с этим повышaются требовaния к кaчествy обрaзовaния, возрaстaет знaчение стрyктyрно-фyнкционaльного рaзвития этой сферы нa основе взaимодействия с обществом. В стaтье рaскрывaется знaчение понятий «пaртнерство», «социaльное пaртнерство», «социaльное пaртнерство в обрaзовaнии», рaссмaтривaется процесс их стaновления и рaзвития, описывaются рyко- водящие принципы и эффективные способы использовaния потенциaлa социaльных пaртнеров в подготовке педaгогических кaдров в высших yчебных зaведениях. Ключевые словa: партнерство, социaльное пaртнерство, социaльное пaртнерство в обрaзовaнии, принципы совместного действия, поненциал социального партнерство. Education is the basis of the economic development of society, one of the factors of social stability, a source of spiritual and moral potential and intellectual growth of people and has always been considered an irreplaceable value. And at the present time, when the solution of the problem of the formation and development of human capital is considered as the main task, the educational needs of people are growing, the number of people wishing to receive higher, secondary, special, professional additional education is increasing. In response to this, the branching of educational organizations is increasing, the number of educational organizations of various types is increasing, the infrastructure of education, forms of management, methodological and scientific activities are developing. Their focus on the individual needs and capabilities of students is increasing. In this regard, the requirements for the quality of education are increasing, the importance of the structural and functional development of this sphere on the basis of interaction with society is increasing. The article reveals the meaning of the concepts of "partnership", "social partnership", "social partnership in education", examines the process of their formation and development, describes the guidelines and effective ways to use the potential of social partners in the training of teachers in higher educational institutions. Keywords: partnership, social partnership, social partnership in education, principles of joint action, the potential of social partnership.
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Objective:To investigate the distribution and common reason of abortion for hospitalized women in Cangzhou city,provide scientific foundation for the government to take effective measures to decrease the number of induced abortion and to reduce the abortion rate.Methods:It was conducted in 5 hospitals with the method of across-sectional study,parturient question in hospital and the status description of induced abortion.Results:The proportion of induced abortion was 48.5%,the times of induced abortion ranged from 1 to 6.The youngest age for the first time of abortion was 15 years old;the abortion of unmarried women for the first time was 47.39%;the proportion of induced abortion increased with the age of parturient;unintended abortion became the primary reason of induced abortion.Conclusion:It is found that the proportion of induced abortion in Cangzhou is higher,and has the tendency of young and unmarried wemen induded,and the reason for that is complicated.Scientific and effective measures should be taken to reduce induce abortion rate.
Induced Abortions
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Objectives : Anti-oxidation activities of Malvae Semen and Abutili Semen were compared and evaluated. Methods : We tested the anti-oxidant effect through in vitro experiment and in vivo experiment that induced oxidative stress using ethanol. Results : 1. In the anti-oxidative activities of Malvae Semen and Abutili Semen they had high effects in case of the scavenging activitie of DPPH and superoxide anion radical, and inhibitory effect of linoleic acid oxidation. 2. Malvae Semen had large quantities of phenolic compound than Abutili Semen, but the anti-oxidative activity of Malvae Semen was weaker than that of Abutili Semen. 3. The anti-oxidative effect of Abutili Semen was more strong than that of Malvae Semen in the rat stressed by ethanol. Conclusion : Anti-oxidation activities of Abutili Semen were stronger than those of Malvae Semen. Therefore, the complementary usage of Malvae Semen and Abutili Semen can be considered.
Semen extender
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Evaluation of the semen is necessary to assess the bull fertility. For the accuracy in the result of semen evaluation strict quality control measures should be applied. The current necessity is the rapid proliferation of native cow breeds, particularly Kangayam cows, via artificial insemination using high-grade semen. For the investigation, 5-7-year-old Kangayam bull Nos. NK 16, NK 17 and NK 30 were used. The semen was collected twice in a week and two ejaculates in each time were collected. They were subsequently transported immediately to the laboratory for processing semen and maintained in a water bath at 34° C. After the primary screening of semen through microscopical analysis the semen samples were subjected to biochemical analysis. From the biochemical analysis of bull semen out of 24 samples, 20 samples showed a pH of 6.7 and 4 samples with 6.8. The mean (± SE) methylene blue dye reduction time (MBRT) of fresh semen samples was 4.20±0.01 minutes. The mean fructolytic index of fresh semen samples was 1.02±0.37. This study shows the significance in evaluating the biochemical characteristic of the fresh Kangayam bull semen.
Semen quality
Semen collection
Semen Analysis
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Melanizing activity of rabbit semen was reported by Beatty (1956). The activity—colour reaction when semen is supplied with dihydroxyphenylalanine—varied between males with different pelt colours : black rabbits showed intense melanizing activity and albinos none. It was further observed that the pale colour of semen was a characteristic of dark pelted bucks, and that the colour of the semen was, in some way, related to its melanizing activity. Mukherjee (1964) studied the melanizing activity of the semen of bulls, goats and rams, and observed that the activity varied between animals and between ejaculates from the same animal. Although there was no appreciable relationship between the coat colour of these animals and the melanizing activity of the semen, the yellow semen samples showed stronger melanizing activity than the non-yellow ones. The proportion of 'live' (unstained in eosin-nigrosin) spermatozoa was uniformly less in strongly melanizing semen samples than in weakly melanizing
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Homocysteine is a sulfur containing amino acid that is created in the body from Methionine, an essential amino acid derived solely from dietary intake. Methionine is metabolized into Homocysteine via an intermediate, S-adenosyl Methionine. Homocysteine can be metabolized to produce cysteine, a nonessential sulfur-containing amino acid, or it can be remethylated to Methionine. Whether the body needs cysteine or Methionine will dictate which path Homocysteine metabolism will take. Homocysteinemia, or elevated plasma Homocysteine, is a major, independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease. High plasma levels of Homocysteine appear to injure the vasculature, impairing the functional abilities of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Elevated Homocysteine also appears to be thrombogenic. Suboptimal intake of several B vitamins, renal failure, and genetic defects in Homocysteine metabolism can all contribute to abnormal Homocysteine levels. In the present review we have summarized the Homocysteine and its relationship with other diseases and Management of these complications.
Hyperhomocysteinemia
Homocystinuria
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The risk for arteriosclerosis and thrombosis of patients with severe hyperhomocysteinemia is reduced by homocysteine-lowering therapy. Whether this is the case in patients with mild hyperhomocysteinemia remains to be proved. Another challenge for researchers is to establish a satisfying pathological mechanism of the vasotoxicity of a disturbed homocysteine metabolism. Unfortunately, most in vitro studies use physiologically irrelevant concentrations or forms, or both, of homocysteine. The role of the different oxidized and reduced forms of homocysteine in its metabolism has gained little attention.
Hyperhomocysteinemia
Plasma homocysteine
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Homocysteine is an independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor modi-fable by nutrition and possibly exercise. While individuals participating in regular physical activity can modify CVD risk factors, such as total blood cholesterol levels, the impact physical activity has on blood homocysteine concentrations is unclear. This review examines the influence of nutrition and exercise on blood homocysteine levels, the mechanisms of how physical activity may alter homocys-teine levels, the role of homocysteine in CVD, evidence to support homocysteine as an independent risk factor for CVD, mechanisms of how homocysteine increases CVD risk, and cut-off values for homocysteinemia. Research examining the impact of physical activity on blood homocysteine levels is equivocal, which is partially due to a lack of control for confounding variables that impact homocysteine. Duration, intensity, and mode of exercise appear to impact blood homocysteine levels differently, and may be dependent on individual fitness levels.
Plasma homocysteine
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