Distinct microbial hydrogen and reductant disposal pathways explain interbreed variations in ruminant methane yield
Min WangQiushuang LiZhiyuan MaJiabin HuoXiu Min ZhangRong WangShizhe ZhangJinzhen JiaoXiyang DongPeter H. JanssenEmilio M. UngerfeldChris GreeningZhiliang Tan
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Abstract Ruminants are important for global food security but are major sources of the greenhouse gas methane. Methane yield is controlled by the cycling of molecular hydrogen (H 2 ), which is produced during carbohydrate fermentation and consumed by methanogenic, acetogenic, and respiratory microorganisms. However, we lack a holistic understanding of the mediators and pathways of H 2 metabolism, and how this varies between ruminants with different methane-emitting phenotypes. Here we used metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, metabolomics, and biochemical approaches to compare H 2 cycling and reductant disposal pathways between low-methane-yield Holstein and high-methane-yield Jersey dairy cattle. The microbiota of Holstein cattle disposed of reductant via propionate and amino acid production and expressed uptake [NiFe]-hydrogenases to use H 2 to support sulfate and nitrate respiration. In contrast, Jersey microbiota primarily disposed of H2 through methanogenesis via methanogenic [NiFe]-hydrogenases and acetogenesis via [FeFe]-hydrogenases, resulting in enhanced methane and acetate production. These findings were supported by two in vitro measurements of microbiota activities and metabolites, as well as public global rumen microbiome data from sheep and beef cattle. Overall, this study highlights the importance of promoting alternative H2 consumption and reductant disposal pathways for the synthesis of host-beneficial metabolites and the reduction of methane production in ruminants.Abstract Due to a growing aquaculture industry, demand for high-quality proteins for aquatic feeds is increasing. Non-ruminant processed animal proteins (PAPs) have shown great potential for this purpose. Safe reintroduction of non-ruminant PAPs in aqua feed requires methods that can discriminate ruminant and non-ruminant PAPs at contamination levels at or below 2%. Because the official European Union method lacks species specificity, the performance of MELISA-TEK™ Ruminant, a commercial immunoassay, combined with the MELISA-TEK High Sensitivity Sample Extraction kit was evaluated. Various non-ruminant PAPs spiked with ruminant PAPs (processed at 133, 137, 141, and 145°C) were analyzed. Results showed an overall specificity of 99%, indicating no cross-reaction with non-ruminant PAPs. The sensitivity of the assay strongly depended on both processing temperature and proportion of muscle fibers of the ruminant PAPs. Overall sensitivity of samples with 1 and 2% ruminant PAPs was 92 and 100%, respectively. For ruminant PAPs processed at 133 and 137°C, the sensitivity was 100% for both 1 and 2% ruminant spikes. Overall accuracies were 96 and 99% for 1 and 2% ruminant spikes, respectively. In conclusion, the MELISA-TEK Ruminant assay showed satisfactory results, which makes it a suitable candidate method to enable safe reintroduction of non-ruminant PAPs in aqua feed.
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Ruminant products is one of the main sources of human diet,the fatty acid composition in it is closely related to human health.Research efforts have focused on nutritional management practices in lipids digestion and metabolism to improve production efficiency and the quality of the ruminant products.In the past two years,considerable progress has been made in increasing the understanding of lipid digestion and metabolism in ruminant.In this paper we have referred 126 articles related to ruminant lipid nutrition via PubMed,CNKI and the ADSA-ASAS annual joint meeting abstracts(2007 to 2008 editions)to make a review of the research progress of ruminant lipids nutrition in 2007 to 2008.The research program consist of kinetics of fatty acid metabolism in digestion tract,regulation of fatty acids metabolism in mammary gland,the effect of fat(fatty acids)supplement diet on ruminant production and fatty acid composition in fat.Effect of rumen rennet fat on production in ruminants and the cooperation effects of fat with other diet additives.
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Ruminant animals play an important role in the food chain for evaluate cellulose and non-protein nitrogenous (NPN) compounds absorbed partially or not by other farm animals and humans. However, ruminant animals also bring some disadvantages. Methane, produced as a natural consequence of the ruminal digestion and it is a potent green house gas, is a problem, both ecologically and economically. The aim of this paper is to discuss methods used to reduce the production of methane in ruminants.
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The roughagec is an important nutrition source of rumen microorganisms and host animals,which rusually accounts for 40% to 80%,or even higher in ruminant diets.The growth of rumen microflora can be regulated by adding appropriate nutrition in actual production,which can improve roughagec utilization ratio in ruminant.The nutrition function of roughagec in runinant and several nutrition measures to improve roughagec utilization ratio in ruminant were reviewed in the article.
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Carbohydrate in diet plays an important role in regulation of rumen fermentation in ruminant,elevation of the feed efficiency and further for improving ruminant production performance.In this article,advance in ruminant carbohydrate nutrition in 2010 were focused on.The regulation of metabolism in rumen,the efficiency of postruminal infusion of starch and glucose metabolism and requirment content,and application of carbohydrate feed supplement diet on ruminant production and reproduction performance and composition of ruminant products.
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Lipid in diet is one of the main sources of ruminant,it is closely related to ruminant production performance,and also associated with quality and fatty acid composition of ruminant products.Recent researches have focused on measurement practices in lipids digestion and metabolism to improve efficiency and quality of ruminant products.In this review,The author had reviewed the advance in ruminant lipids nutrition in 2010.The current research progress is consist of regulation of fatty acid metabolism in rumen,the efficiency of postruminal infusion of fatty acid metabolism and requirment content,the effect of fat(fatty acids) supplement diet on ruminant production and reproduction performance and fatty acid composition of ruminant products,as well as effect of rumen protected fat on production in ruminants.
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In both ruminant and non-ruminant digestion, the nutritive ratio of a feed is shown to be very significantly related to the crude-protein content of that feed. This confirms that there is a relationship between the total crude protein and digestible protein in a ruminant feed, and strongly suggests that there should also be a relationship between these two components in non-ruminant feeds.
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Feeding intake of the ruminant was defined as the quantity of the forage grass of the ruminant in the unit time. Feeding intake of the ruminant was the process which was developing and was influenced by biological factor and nonbiological factor. The accurate calculation and determination was thought as the base which made the good nutrition scheme of the ruminant, it was also the important basis which fixed the ruminant's supplementary fodder. The research about the voluntary feeding intake of the ruminant played important role in the ruminant's industry. The influence factor of feeding intake of the ruminant was discussed in this paper. The determined method of feeding intake of the ruminant was also studied in this paper.
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The classification,the function of Direct-Fed Microbials in the rumen,and its application in ruminant production were reviewed in the paper.This study aimed to estimate the effect and safe of Direct-Fed Microbials for ruminant on performance,and discuss the directions of the future studies.
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