Surface chitosan-grafting modification of polyimide fibers for cobalt ion adsorption
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Abstract Pristine multiwall carbon nanotubes [MWCNTs] have been functionalized with various groups (-COOH, -SO 3 H, -PO 3 H 2 ) using different single- and double-step chemical routes. Various chemical treatments were given to MWCNTs using hydrochloric, nitric, phosphoric, and sulphuric acids, followed by a microwave treatment. The effect of the various chemical treatments and the dispersion using a surfactant via ultrasonication on the functionalization of MWCNTs has been studied. The results obtained have been compared with pristine MWCNTs. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray [EDX] spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy confirm the dispersion and functionalization of MWCNTs. Their extent of functionalization with -SO 3 H and -PO 3 H 2 groups from the EDX spectra has been observed to be higher for the samples functionalized with a double-step chemical route and a single-step chemical route, respectively. The I D / I G ratio calculated from Raman data shows a maximum defect concentration for the sample functionalized with the single-step chemical treatment using nitric acid. The dispersion of MWCNTs with the surfactant, Triton X-100, via ultrasonication helps in their unbundling, but the extent of functionalization mainly depends on the chemical route followed for their treatment. The functionalized carbon nanotubes can be used in proton conducting membranes for fuel cells.
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In the light of current problems in preparation and application of superfine powder,new methods of surface modification such as coating modification,chemical modification,mechanochemical modification,micro encapsulation modification,high energy modification,precipitation modification etc,are introduced.Common modification equipments and modification agents for the surface modification of superfine powder are introduced and their development trends are also pointed out.The influential factors of surface modification are discussed and the prospects of surface modification technology are forecasted.
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The process of surface modification of the aluminum powder is very important in the production of functional aluminum powder. According to the means and the functions of modification, the main methods of surface modification including mechanochemical modification, oxidation modification, surface chemical modification, encapsulation modification, coating modification and deposition modification were described.
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Mesoporous SBA-15 silica was modified by grafting of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS).An influence of GPTMS/SBA-15 mass ratio used during this pre-functionalization step on the real amount of epoxy-silane grafted on the SBA-15 surface was studied by thermogravimetry and elemental analysis.The pre-functionalized SBA-15 was subsequently used to attach polyvinylamine (PVAm) chains by the opening of oxirane rings and the formation of bonds with NH 2 groups from PVAm.The yield of this process was determined.Furthermore, SEM (scanning electron microscopy), DRIFT (diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy) and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) as well as zeta potential measurements were applied to observe the changes in the chemical composition of SBA-15 surface and morphology of the synthesized materials.Various types of organic functionalities present on the modified SBA-15 were identified and analyzed quantitatively.
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Two-dimensional layered MoS2 has attracted tremendous attention because of its unique physical and chemical properties and promising application prospects. To further expand its applications to areas such as gas sensing, biosensing, drug delivery, and photothermal therapy, surface functionalization has been employed to engineer its properties according to multiple perspectives. Herein, we demonstrate a scalable surface modification method to generate functionalized MoS2 flakes by the step-by-step covalent assembly of lipoic acid (LA) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) molecules. In our approach, reactive disulfide-containing LA molecules were first chemically bonded to the sulfur vacancies (SVs) of MoS2 surfaces. FITC was then linked to MoS2 through LA by a condensation reaction between the amino group of FITC and the carboxyl group of LA. It was demonstrated that the initial LA functionalization enhanced the electronic mobility via the filling of SVs, and the second-step functionalization with FITC induced electron doping of MoS2. Moreover, the covalent attachment of FITC decorated the PL spectrum of MoS2 with an additional green fluorescence at ∼530 nm. This strategy is a universal route to construct a versatile platform for chemical modification of functional groups and provides new opportunities of controlling the electronic and optical properties of transition-metal dichalcogenides.
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Chemical functionalization is an effective means of tuning the electronic and crystal structure of a two-dimensional material, but very little is known regarding the correlation between thermal transport and chemical functionalization. Based on the first-principles calculation and an iterative solution of the Boltzmann transport equation, we find that antimonene is a potential excellent thermal material with relatively low thermal conductivity k, and furthermore, chemical functionalization can make this value of k decrease greatly. More interestingly, the origin of the reduction in k is not the anharmonic interaction but the harmonic interaction from the depressed phonon spectrum mechanism, and for some chemical functional atom in halogen, flat modes appearing in the low frequency range play also a key factor in the reduction of k by significantly increasing the three-phonon scattering channels. Our work provides a new view to adjust thermal transport which can benefit thermal material design, and analyzes the reduction mechanism in k from the chemical functionalization of antimonene.
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