Default Mode Network, Motor Network, Dorsal and Ventral Basal Ganglia Networks in the Rat Brain: Comparison to Human Networks Using Resting State-fMRI: The Raw Data
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Task-positive network
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging brain imaging technique. Recent fNIRS studies confirm that the intrinsic fluctuation can be robustly detected by functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), the phenomenon is also termed as resting state functional connectivity (RSFC). However, functional connectivity exists not only during the resting state. Therefore, one important question is that whether the functional connectivity patterns during both states are consistent. In this paper, we investigate the functional connectivity during both resting state and task state. The comparison result suggests that the functional connectivity patterns revealed by fNIRS signal during both states are similar.
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy
Functional Imaging
Dynamic functional connectivity
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Abstract The resting state default mode network (DMN) has been shown to characterize a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Evidence suggests an underlying genetic basis for this network and hence could serve as potential endophenotype for these disorders. Heritability is a defining criterion for endophenotypes. The DMN is measured either using a resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan or by extracting resting state activity from task‐based fMRI. The current study is the first to evaluate heritability of this task‐derived resting activity. 250 healthy adult twins (79 monozygotic and 46 dizygotic same sex twin pairs) completed five cognitive and emotion processing fMRI tasks. Resting state DMN functional connectivity was derived from these five fMRI tasks. We validated this approach by comparing connectivity estimates from task‐derived resting activity for all five fMRI tasks, with those obtained using a dedicated task‐free resting state scan in an independent cohort of 27 healthy individuals. Structural equation modeling using the classic twin design was used to estimate the genetic and environmental contributions to variance for the resting‐state DMN functional connectivity. About 9–41% of the variance in functional connectivity between the DMN nodes was attributed to genetic contribution with the greatest heritability found for functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate and right inferior parietal nodes ( P < 0.001). Our data provide new evidence that functional connectivity measures from the intrinsic DMN derived from task‐based fMRI datasets are under genetic control and have the potential to serve as endophenotypes for genetically predisposed psychiatric and neurological disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 35:3893–3902, 2014 . © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc .
Endophenotype
Human Connectome Project
Posterior cingulate
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Task-positive network
Association (psychology)
Eyes open
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Task-positive network
Human brain
Network Analysis
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Task-positive network
Mind Wandering
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Task-positive network
Brain mapping
Brain Function
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Task-positive network
Posterior cingulate
Neuropsychological Assessment
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The default mode network (DMN) has a unique activity pattern in the resting brain. Studies on resting-state brain activity are helpful to identify various brain dynamic characteristics of patients with mental diseases and those of healthy people. The brain produces a series of changes in different eye states. However, the relationship between eye states and the DMN, which is closely related to the resting state, has not been widely examined. This study recruited 42 healthy students aged 17-22. Participants completed the Profile of Mood States questionnaire. Thereafter, the electroencephalogram data was collected with the patients' eyes open and closed. Changes in neural oscillation and the DMN's information transmission during different eye openness states were compared. The results showed that the neural oscillation activities of the parietal-occipital network such as the superior parietal lobule and precuneus were significantly enhanced in the eyes open state. In addition, the effective connectivity within the DMN was enhanced during opened eyes, especially from the left precuneus to the left posterior cingulate cortex, and this connectivity was negatively correlated with the Vigor-Activity mood state in the eyes open state. The activity of the DMN in the resting-state is regulated by eye states, which may relate to mood and emotional perception.
Posterior cingulate
Task-positive network
Eyes open
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