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    Abstract:
    Additional file 2: Table S1. Differential abundance statistics of KEGG pathways in FA and non-allergic; Table S2. Taxonomic contributions to shifts in acetate-related pathways enriched in non-allergic compared to FA; Table S3. Taxonomic contributions to shifts in acetate-related pathway enriched in FA compared to non-allergic; Table S4. Taxonomic contributions to shifts in acetate-related pathways enriched in peanut FA compared to milk FA; Table S5. Taxonomic contributions to shifts in acetate-related pathway enriched in milk FA compared to peanut FA; Table S6. Taxonomic contributions to shifts in acetate-related pathways enriched in sesame FA compared to milk FA; Table S7. Taxonomic contributions to shifts in acetate-related pathway enriched in sesame FA compared to tree nuts FA.
    Keywords:
    Signature (topology)
    Dynamic signature verification has many challenges associated with the creation of the impostor dataset. The literature discusses several ways of determining the impostor signature provider, but this paper takes a different approach - that of the opportunistic forger and his or her relationship to the genuine signature holder. The paper examines the accuracy with which an opportunistic forger assesses the various traits of the genuine signature, and whether the genuine signature holder believes that his or her signature is easy to forge
    Signature (topology)
    Citations (2)
    Abstract. In this paper, the Spectral Signature Analysis is presented as a concept for an integrable self-test system (Built-In Self-Test – BIST) for RF front-ends is presented. It is based on modelling the whole RF front-end (transmitter and receiver) on system level, on generating of a Spectral Signature and of evaluating of the Signature Response. Because of using multi-carrier signal as the test signature, the concept is especially useful for tests of linearity and frequency response of front-ends. Due to the presented method of signature response evaluation, this concept can be used for Built-In Self-Correction (BISC) at critical building blocks.
    Signature (topology)
    Spectral signature
    Built-in self-test
    SIGNAL (programming language)
    Citations (13)
    We define the Analytical signature, the Hodge signature and the de Rham signature for a foliated manifold with boundary with foliation transverse to the boundary. We show that all these signatures coincide and a Hirzebruch formula is valid.
    Signature (topology)
    Foliation (geology)
    Manifold (fluid mechanics)
    Citations (1)
    IgE fragments were detected by polyclonal and monoclonal anti-IgE antibodies using Western blot techniques and immunoassays. Other antibodies detected only intact IgE molecules. In the presence of IgE fragments, higher IgE levels were estimated, depending on the epitope specificity of the antibodies used in the IgE determination assays. IgE fragments have been found together with intact IgE in isolated material from different human sera and also from culture supernatant of an IgE-producing cell line. Our data demonstrate that IgE fragments may be assessed and represent a potential pitfall in diagnostic IgE determinations.
    Polyclonal antibodies
    Citations (10)
    We introduce a set of criterions for classifying signature-only signature models. By the criterions, we classify signature models into 5 basic types and 69 general classes. Theoretically, 21140 kinds of signature models can be deduced by appropriately combining different general classes. The result comprises almost existing signature models. We also contribute a lot of new signature models. Moreover, we find the three signature models, i.e., group-nominee signature, multi-nominee signature and threshold-nominee signature, are of great importance in light of our classification.
    Signature (topology)
    ElGamal signature scheme
    Schnorr signature
    Citations (0)
    Abstract. We fractionated, by gel chromatography, sera with high IgE content from atopic subjects and five cases with the hyper‐lgE syndrome, and measured the presence of IgE in high molecular weight (HMW) fractions. Two out of four asthmatics and four out of five hyper‐IgE had HMW IgE. The same serum fractions gave positive results for conglutinin binding IgG (all six) and IgA (three cases) as well as C1q binding complexes (five cases). IgG auto‐antibodies to IgE were also detected together with IgE in HMW fractions. Anti‐F(ab)' 2 activity was present in five cases (one of them negative for IgG anti‐IgE). Our data indicate that complexes made of IgE and IgG anti‐IgE are present mainly in patients with chronic allergic symptoms and most frequent in cases of hyper‐IgE syndrome.
    IgE antibodies play a crucial role in allergic type I reactions. Only IL-4 and IL-13 are able to induce an immunoglobulin isotype switch to IgE in B cells. A major question is to what extent these cytokines contribute to the production of IgE in allergic patients. To address this question we used an in vitro culture system in which the production of IgE is dependent on endogenously produced IL-4 and IL-13. In cultures of purified T and B cells from allergic asthma patients and non-atopic controls, T cells were polyclonally stimulated to obtain IL-4, IL-13 and subsequently IgE secretion. The absolute amount of IgE produced was not significantly different between patients and controls. When neutralizing IL-4 antibodies were included during culture, the production of IgE was dramatically inhibited in both patients and controls (production of IgE was reduced to 12%). However, neutralization of IL-13 led to a significantly stronger inhibition of IgE production in the patient group: production of IgE was reduced to 23 +/- 3% versus 50 +/- 10% in the control group. Corresponding with these results, we also observed a higher production of IL-13 by the patients, while the production of IL-4 was not significantly different. A more detailed analysis of the production of IL-13 revealed that patients' T cells were less sensitive to a negative signal controlling IL-13 production. Our results indicate that, at least in vitro, IgE production in allergic asthma patients is more dependent on IL-13 than in non-atopics, due to enhanced IL-13 production and to enhanced IgE production in response to IL-13.
    Isotype
    Interleukin 13
    The levels of total IgE and IgE antibodies to mite per unit quantity of nasal fluid were successfully determined by our special method of collecting nasal fluid. The mean value of IgE was 80 ± 101 U/ml, and that of IgE Ab 1.45 ± 1.29/ml (RAST score) in NF. Nasal IgE concentration was approximately one twenthieth of serum IgE on the average, and nasal IgE Ab to mite was one half of serum IgE. The IgE Ab/IgE ratio was nine times greater in NF (0.0181) than in serum (0.0022). The concentration of IgE Ab to mite was very well correlated between serum and NF (correlation coefficient of 0.83), while that of IgE was not (coefficient of 0.51). IgE Ab to mite was also well correlated to IgE (coefficient of 0.78) in NF while it was not in serum (coefficient of 0.48). The correlation coefficient of nasal/serum IgA was 0.41; that of IgE/IgA in NF was 0.31; and that of IgE/total protein in NF was also 0.31. The possibility of local production and secretion of IgE Ab to specific allergen is discussed in detail.
    Citations (19)