Environmental effects on reproductive performance of Nellore cows widely raised in the Cerrado/Pantanal ecotone
Nicacia Monteiro OliveiraMarcos Paulo Gonçalves de RezendeU. G. P. de AbreuA. do N. RosaF. A. M. SterzaA.L.L. Fialho
1
Citation
0
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
We analyzed the pregnancy rate (PR) and birth rate (BR) of Nellore cows raised extensively in the Cerrado/Pantanal during 4 mating seasons (2009-2012), assessing the relationship with the temperature and humidity index (THI) and the effect of the year and breeding season. We used information from 2,116 cows, which were categorized as either multiparous (n = 1430), primiparous (n = 338), or nulliparous (n = 348). In the months of the breeding season (December-February), temperature and relative humidity data were collected to calculate the temperature and humidity index (THI). An ANOVA was performed with a model that included sources of variation from the fixed effects of category of cow and year on PR and BR; and a linear regression analysis and correlation between THI and PR and BR. We observed a significant effect (p < 0.05) on PR. We classified the average across breeding seasons as a moderate THI. The THI of the breeding seasons showed high and significant (p < 0.05) effects only on the nulliparous BR, and low values in other categories. It is concluded that the seasonal THI was not related to the performance of cows, except BR in nulliparous cows.Keywords:
Ecotone
The article discusses the construction of the main problem of phytosanitary diagnostics of an ecotone - its complex ecological structure, primarily a mosaic, which determines a high level of biodiversity as a consequence of the effect of ecotones, as well as the effects on phytophagous complexes on winter wheat. An ecotone is the highly dynamic boundary between two disparate ecosystems:vegetation types and biomes. Ecotones can be very narrow and sharply defined, suchas a terrestrial-aquatic boundary, or they can represent a broad transition betweendiffering biomes, such as a gradual conversion between grassland and forest. Often, the flora and fauna found on either side of an ecotone will not be similar to one another,and species favoring one side of the ecotone will not fare as well on the other. Because of the variability in vegetation cover and abiotic factors characterizedby ecotones, biodiversity across an ecotone tends to be higher than in relativelyhomogeneous habitats on either side of the ecotone. Ecotones can be formed bynatural processes, such as floods, fires, and volcanic activity, but increasingly, humanland use activities have created ecotones. Examples of anthropogenic ecotones areagricultural-pastoral boundaries, urban-rural spaces, and parks or protected landadjacent to lands used to meet human resource needs. One concern that land managers express over ecotones is that they favor the successof invasive species. Human land uses such as road building or agricultural activitiescreate ecotones with wholly different competition and predation regimes. Areas ofundisturbed natural habitat are typically more resistant to invasive species, but patcheswhere parts of previous ecosystems have been removed prove particularly prone tocolonization by invasives, such as fire ants, tumbleweed, or buffelgrass. Ecotones usually prefer certain types of vegetation and fauna over others. Species requiring a high degree of stability and continuity of the habitat will not succeed in ornear ecotone; species adapted to breaches or boundaries can better utilize the sources found in these niches. Abiotic factors, such as erosion, sedimentation, snow accumulation, nutrient availability, salinity and temperature, are affected by certain cations and tend to differ from one side of the border to the other. Ecotones can also form microclimates that, in addition to others, belong to other species. For example, а а fields of winter wheat surrounded by a forest will be characterized by higher extreme temperatures and faster temperature changes than the surrounding forest. In addition, direct light reaching the ground will lead to accelerated evaporation and, possibly, dry meadow soils faster than in the forest. The features of an ecotone, in particular the presence of environmental friendliness between populations, its parameters — location, density, and other indicators. Keywords: ecotone, biodiversity, landscape, entomophagous, ecotone mosaic, agrocenoses, winter wheat
Ecotone
Biome
Cite
Citations (0)
Transitional areas between two or more different biomes—ecotones—are clearly visible due to the sudden changes in vegetation structures and patterns. However, much is still unknown about the crucial soil factors that control such vegetational changes across ecotones and how different soil properties vary across ecotones. In this study, we try to understand the spatial variation in soil properties across a clearly defined ecotone from a forest stand to meadow field at the Training Forest Enterprise (T.F.E), Masaryk Forest Křtiny, Czechia. Thirteen sampling sites were selected: six in the forest region, six in the meadow and one in the ecotone zone between forest and meadow. Soil samples were taken at 5 cm below the soil surface once every month from April to November. All the collected soil samples were examined for minimal air capacity, actual and potential soil reaction and maximum capillary water. The results showed a pattern of soil acidity decreasing from the forest stand towards the meadow field but that increased sharply at the ecotone zone. The water holding capacity showed a decreasing trend approaching the ecotone zone from the meadow region and markedly decreased from the meadow site closest to the ecotone zone. The minimum air capacity showed an increasing trend from the forest region but suddenly declined at the ecotone region.
Ecotone
Biome
Cite
Citations (27)
Plant diversity of ecotone community between forest and marsh in Changbai Mountain was studied using whit net check method throughout the ecotone, and the plant diversity, edge effects and their relation with ecotone enviromental gradient in two primary types of ecotone was also investigated, in order to reveal the characteristics and their forming mechanism and provide the theoretical foundation for the conversation and maintainance of plant diversity.. The conclusion is that plant diversity of ecotone community between forest and marsh increases gradually along with the ecotone enviorment gradient in the Changbai Mountain. The mature community processes the highest diversity in the ecotone. It is also higher than that in the corresponding typical forest community. This kind of ecotone community is abundant in species because ecotones contain marsh plants, forest plants and ecotone's dominant species. The amount of some dominant species populations are five times as many as in the forest. So that edge effects exist in this ecotone. These characterristics of ecotone between forest and marsh are related closely with the ecological special properties of plants and the ecotone environmental gradient.
Ecotone
Cite
Citations (5)
Abstract Ecotones are considered as unique environments. The concepts of edge effect and ecotone species (flora and fauna) are widely used. Considering the fact that the majority of the species found in ecotones are usually at their physiologically determined limits of distribution, how they react to global climate changes becomes crucial. Ecotones are reputed to be more biologically diverse than areas close to them, and therefore possesses a high conservation value, yet little is known on how soil properties vary across ecotones. In this paper, we firstly highlighted the roles ecotones play in assessing the effect on global climate change, the mediatory role they play in the movement of material (water and nutrients) into and out of the region. Secondly, we reviewed studies on how soil properties change across ecotones and it is worthwhile to note that soil properties tend to differ across various ecotones (e.g. increasing pH and decreasing P & N across forest–glade ecotones, decreasing pH across ancient–recent forest ecotones) in a manner that defines the character of the ecotones existing.
Ecotone
Null (SQL)
Cite
Citations (6)
Білім берy қоғaмның экономикaлық дaмyының негізі, әлеyметтік тұрaқтылықтың фaкторлaрының бірі, хaлықтың рyхaни-aдaмгершілік әлеyетінің және интеллектyaлдық өсyінің қaйнaр көзі ретінде бaрлық yaқыттaрдa тaптырмaс құндылық болып есептеліп келеді. Aл қaзіргідей aдaм кaпитaлын қaлыптaстырy мен дaмытy мәселесін шешy негізгі міндет ретінде қaрaстырылaтын зaмaндa хaлықтың білімдік қaжеттіліктері өсіп, жоғaры, ортa aрнayлы, кәсіби қосымшa білім aлyғa үміткерлер сaны aртa түсyде. Бұғaн жayaп ретінде білім берy ұйымдaрының сaлaлaнyы aртып, әртүрлі типтегі оқy орындaрының сaны aртyдa, білім берyдің инфрaқұрылымы, бaсқaрy формaлaры, әдістемелік, ғылыми қызмет түрлері дaмyдa. Олaрды білім aлyшылaрдың жеке сұрaныстaры мен мүмкіндіктеріне бaғыттay күшейтілyде. Осығaн орaй білімнің сaпaсынa қойылaтын тaлaптaр aртып, бұл сaлaның әлеyметпен өзaрa әрекеттестігіне негізделген құрылымдық – қызметтік дaмyының көкейтестілігі aртyдa. Мaқaлaдa «серіктестік», «әлеyметтік серіктестік», «білімдегі әлеyметтік серіктестік» ұғым- дaрының мәні aшылып, олaрдың қaлыптaсy және дaмy үрдісіне шолy жaсaлaды, жоғaры оқy орындaрындa педaгогтaрды дaярлayдa әлеyметтік серіктестердің әлеyетін пaйдaлaнyдa бaсшылыққa aлынaтын ұстaнымдaр мен тиімді жолдaры сипaттaлaды. Түйін сөздер: серіктестік, әлеyметтік серіктестік, білімдегі әлеyметтік серіктестік, бірлескен әрекет ұстaнымдaры, әлеуметтік серіктестік әлеуеті. Обрaзовaние является основой экономического рaзвития обществa, одним из фaкторов социaль- ной стaбильности, источником дyховно-нрaвственного потенциaлa и интеллектyaльного ростa людей и во все временa считaлось незaменимой ценностью. И в нaстоящее время, когдa решение проблемы формировaния и рaзвития человеческого кaпитaлa рaссмaтривaется кaк основнaя зaдaчa, рaстyт обрaзовaтельные потребности людей, yвеличивaется количество желaющих полyчить высшее, среднее, специaльное, профессионaльное дополнительное обрaзовaние. В ответ нa это yсиливaется рaзветвленность обрaзовaтельных оргaнизaций, yвеличивaется количество обрaзовaтельных оргaни- зaций рaзличного типa, рaзвивaются инфрaстрyктyрa обрaзовaния, формы yпрaвления, методическaя и нayчнaя деятельность. Yсиливaется их ориентaция нa индивидyaльные потребности и возможности обyчaющихся. В связи с этим повышaются требовaния к кaчествy обрaзовaния, возрaстaет знaчение стрyктyрно-фyнкционaльного рaзвития этой сферы нa основе взaимодействия с обществом. В стaтье рaскрывaется знaчение понятий «пaртнерство», «социaльное пaртнерство», «социaльное пaртнерство в обрaзовaнии», рaссмaтривaется процесс их стaновления и рaзвития, описывaются рyко- водящие принципы и эффективные способы использовaния потенциaлa социaльных пaртнеров в подготовке педaгогических кaдров в высших yчебных зaведениях. Ключевые словa: партнерство, социaльное пaртнерство, социaльное пaртнерство в обрaзовaнии, принципы совместного действия, поненциал социального партнерство. Education is the basis of the economic development of society, one of the factors of social stability, a source of spiritual and moral potential and intellectual growth of people and has always been considered an irreplaceable value. And at the present time, when the solution of the problem of the formation and development of human capital is considered as the main task, the educational needs of people are growing, the number of people wishing to receive higher, secondary, special, professional additional education is increasing. In response to this, the branching of educational organizations is increasing, the number of educational organizations of various types is increasing, the infrastructure of education, forms of management, methodological and scientific activities are developing. Their focus on the individual needs and capabilities of students is increasing. In this regard, the requirements for the quality of education are increasing, the importance of the structural and functional development of this sphere on the basis of interaction with society is increasing. The article reveals the meaning of the concepts of "partnership", "social partnership", "social partnership in education", examines the process of their formation and development, describes the guidelines and effective ways to use the potential of social partners in the training of teachers in higher educational institutions. Keywords: partnership, social partnership, social partnership in education, principles of joint action, the potential of social partnership.
Cite
Citations (0)
Abstract. Four contrasting ecotones were sampled to address three questions: (1) Are there ‘ecotonal’ species, (2) Do ecotones possess higher (or lower) species richness than the adjacent communities? and (3) Are exotic species more likely to occur in ecotones? One ecotone was edaphic, one was apparently caused by a positive‐feedback switch, one was environmental/anthropogenic and one was entirely anthropogenic. The exact position of each ecotone was established from the spatial change in ordination scores. Ecotonal species, in the sense of species mainly restricted to the ecotone at the site, were present in all four ecotones. All but one of the ecotonal species were native. The switch ecotone and the purely anthropogenic ecotone also contained native species that were significantly more frequent in the ecotone than in either adjacent community. Species richness was intermediate between that of the two adjacent communities in three of the ecotones. In the environmental/anthropogenic ecotone, species richness was higher than in adjacent communities, but not significantly so. There were appreciable numbers of exotic species in the two ecotones with anthropogenic influence, one of which had a proportion of exotic species intermediate between the two adjacent communities. Contrary to theory, the proportion of exotic species in the second ecotone was significantly lower than in either adjacent community. We conclude that all three features we examined depend on the particular ecological conditions and the ecology of the species present; they are not intrinsic properties of ecotones.
Ecotone
Cite
Citations (114)
The transition region between the neighboring ecosystems was called ecotone. In view of global ecology and landscape ecology, ecotone may be divided into four kinds: terrestrial ecotone, inland water land ecotone, marine land ecotone and marine ecotone. The marine ecotone was presented and defined as the transition region between the neighboring marine ecosystems according to the ecotone theory. The main research fields are as following: ①to build the criteria of marine ecotone, such as biodiversity index or other ecological indexes, ②three dimensional structures of marine ecotone, ③the ecological function of marine ecotone, ④the sensitive elements and responsive mechanics of marine ecotone to global change, ⑤the maintaining biodiversity mechanics in marine ecotone, ⑥the relationship between marine ecotone and form of fishery field. The difference between marine ecotone and terrestrial ecotone and marine front were discussed. The marine ecotone field will become one new “growth point” in marine ecology.
Ecotone
Cite
Citations (0)
Landscapes in the ecotone between forest and tundra contain a mosaic of patches of trees, meadows, lakes, disturbed areas, and other features. The structure of this mosaic affects species habitat and potential ecotone response to global change. However, the alpine forest-tundra ecotone may be insensitive to climatic change if it is a climatic relict or is frequently disturbed. We used GIS and multivariate statistics to (1) analyze landscape structure in transects across the ecotone in Rocky Mountain National Park, (2) identify the major variants of forest-tundra ecotone, and (3) identify the influence of the environment and natural disturbances on variation in the landscape structure of the ecotone. There are six major types of ecotone varying in the amount of natural disturbances, permanent features (e.g., lakes), closed forest, patch forest, and krummholz. Variation is primarily related to slope, elevation, aspect, and geology associated with the morphology of the mountains and the disturbances they produce. The ecotone is not strongly structured by natural disturbances; thus, it may be more strongly controlled by and sensitive to climatic change than in areas where disturbance is more prevalent. Monitoring of potential ecotone response to global change is feasible, if tailored to the types of ecotone and their expected response.
Ecotone
Cite
Citations (19)
The nationally-recognized Susquehanna
Chorale will delight audiences of all
ages with a diverse mix of classic and
contemporary pieces. The ChoraleAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA¢AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂs
performances have been described
as AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA¢AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂemotionally unfiltered, honest
music making, successful in their
aim to make the audience feel,
to be moved, to be part of the
performance - and all this while
working at an extremely high
musical level.AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA¢AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA Experience choral
singing that will take you to new
heights!
Cite
Citations (0)
Ecotone is a unique landscape that displays special ecology attributes and service functions. Investigation of ecotone is significantly beneficial to both exploring novel ecological laws and conserving the vulnerable environment. An increasing attention to ecotone is evidenced by the average annual publication growth rate of 57% in the last 30 years. This paper presents the concepts of and the differences among ecotones, and its related terms (ecological boundary, transitional area, environmental gradient and edge). Specifically, ecotone is a region between two ecological systems with unique ecological properties, and ecological boundary is a generic term including all kinds of interfaces, while transitional area is a description of the scope between adjacent geographic zones. Edges and environmental gradient are terms not confined to ecological discipline. Furthermore, seven basic features of ecotone are summarized in brief as: high-biodiversity, rich ecotonal species, abundant exotic species, frequent material flows, sensitive temporal-spatial dynamics, structure heterogeneity and frangibility. Then, we introduced the published principals and hypotheses about ecotone as well as originally presented Gene Hybrid Zone Hypothesis, Habitat Pressure Hypothesis, and System Successsional Hypothesis to elucidate the mechanisms of ecotone. At last, research advances are discussed in four aspects: (1) The patterns of biodiversity development in ecotones. More and more researches have been exhibiting that ecotone creates genetic diversity although its species richness is still controversial. (2) Responses and feedback to global changes. Ecotone is very sensitive to global changes (warmer climate, disturbances, and biological invasion, etc.). The changes of landscape in ecotones are presumably due to the alteration of varied material flows. (3) Ecological design and management of ecotones. Many researches are performed on the functions of conduit, filter and barrier of ecotones, particularly in land/water interface. The uptake of nutrients by ecotones functions cleaning river water. (4) The models of ecotones and its integration. The dynamic of plants movement and the relationship of plants and soil in ecotones are simulated by kinds of ecotone models. However, integrated models are still deficient. We conclude that the highlights of future research should be ecotone theories, multi-scale models and multi-variable integrated analysis of ecotone patterns to discover ecological mechanisms of ecotone.
Ecotone
Cite
Citations (6)