Cottonseed and Soy-bean agro-industrial by-products used in feedlot cattle diet: effects on beef fatty acid profile and quality parameters
Ângelo Polizel NetoRoberto de Oliveira RoçaRenata Helena Branco ArnandesSarah Figueiredo Martins BonilhaCláudio Vieira de AraújoHelen Fernanda Barros GomesFelipe Cecconelo Bento
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ABSTRACT Beef composition are directly influenced by the dietary fat, particularly in ruminants, due to rumen biohydrogenation, which promotes alterations in the dietary fatty acid (FA) profile and affects the meat quality. Beef sensorial, chemical, and FA compositions of intramuscular and subcutaneous fat were evaluated, from 40 Nellore males finished on feedlot diet based, containing cottonseed (CSB) and soybean by-product (SOB) as agro-industrial by-product fat sources. CSB as a fat source, did not alter the beef pH, shear force, chemical composition, or subcutaneous FA profile compared with the SOB diet. Differences were observed at yellow and red beef color, with low and high CSB diet inclusion; on the contrary, inclusion of SOB in the diet led to an intensely unpleasant aroma in aged and cooked meats. Regarding beef FA profile, CSB with 3% dietary fat produced steaks with a lower proportion of C 17:0 , having 1.359 and 3.238 g/100 g of intramuscular FA, whereas CSB with 5% dietary fat led to an increase in C 18:2 n -6 , with 0.298 and 0.132 g/100 g of intramuscular FA in steaks from animals fed with CSB and SOB, respectively. CSB produced more intense red beef color, unpleasant aroma, and higher linoleic acid content; however, the color and aroma of the meat produced from cattle fed with CSB in the diet were less intense and were like those observed in cattle fed with SOB; these could therefore be recommended for use as agro-industrial by-products in beef cattle diet.Keywords:
Feedlot
Cottonseed
Soy bean
Beef Cattle
Cottonseed meal
Cottonseed oil
The technology of extracting oil and gossypol from cottonseed was studied.The new equipments were designed in this process,The specifications of the cottonseed meal with this process are as following:free gossypol≤(0.045%),residual oil≤1.5%,protein≥50%.
Gossypol
Cottonseed oil
Cottonseed
Cottonseed meal
Detoxification
Residual oil
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Abstract The inactivation of aflatoxin in cottonseed products has been restricted principally to ammoniation of cottonseed meal. More recently, attention has been focused on the feasibility of ammoniating whole cottonseed as a feed for ruminants. Preliminary work is presented on treatment with gaseous ammonia of undelinted (fuzzy) cottonseed containing an average of 1,500 µg/kg total aflatoxins. These seed were treated with 4% anhydrous ammonia (w/w) for 30 min at temperatures ranging from 66 C to 82 C. The data obtained in this study indicate that inactivation of aflatoxins in undelinted whole cottonseed may be accomplished using processing conditions comparable to those proposed for cottonseed meal.
Cottonseed
Cottonseed meal
Anhydrous
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THE use of cottonseed meal in broiler rations has been limited. Many commercially prepared cottonseed meals found on the market have been of low protein and high fiber content which, under present feeding practices, are generally unacceptable for broiler rations. The harmful effects of many cottonseed meals on the quality of stored eggs when used in laying rations has tended to discourage the use of cottonseed meal in all poultry rations. In recent years changes in methods of extracting cottonseed oil have occurred. A degossypolized solvent extracted cottonseed meal has been prepared by methods developed by the Buckeye Cotton Oil Company, and screw-press cottonseed meals have been prepared by various processors in cooperation with the Southern Regional Research Laboratory. These meals are prepared under conditions that should improve the nutritive value of the meals and reduce the free gossypol content. Limited quantities of these meals along with the normally produced …
Gossypol
Cottonseed
Cottonseed meal
Cottonseed oil
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Cottonseed oil
Cottonseed
Corn oil
Vegetable oil
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Research reports have shown that Sterculia joetida oil (Kemmerer et al., 1961) and cottonseed oil (Kemmerer et al., 1962) enhanced gossypol discoloration in eggs. This property is attributed to the cyclopropenoid fatty acids contained in the two lipids. In these reports the cottonseed oil or Sterculia foetida oil were incorporated into diets, which contained soybean meal as the main source of protein but no cottonseed meal. Gossypol dissolved in corn oil was administered by capsule. The work here reported shows the effect of the addition of cottonseed lipids to rations containing cottonseed meal upon egg discoloration. The basal diets used contained approximately 23% soybean meal as the principal source of protein. For the tests two cottonseed meals were substituted at 10 and 20% levels for the soybean meals. Both of these contained less than 0.1% extractable lipids, 0.02% free gossypol and approximately 1% bound gossypol. For a positive control crystalline…
Gossypol
Cottonseed
Cottonseed meal
Cottonseed oil
Corn oil
Soybean oil
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THE successful incorporation of cottonseed products in a layer ration has, for some time, been a problem for nutritionists as well as for poultrymen. Evidently, the first report of the problem was by Roberts and Rice (1891). They fed rations containing cottonseed meal which produced mottled yolks. However, no effort was made to determine the real cause of the abnormality. Similar results were indicated by Lamon and Lee (1917), who found that the “greenish spots on the yolks” were more frequent during the warmer portion of the year. Upon testing cottonseed meal produced from glanded and glandless cottonseed, Heywang et al. (1965) found that meal from glanded cottonseed produced a high incidence of mottled yolks while that from the glandless seed produced only limited mottling and in some cases no mottling. Thompson et al. (1930) found no evidence to show that gossypol was the factor involved in the discoloration of . . .
Cottonseed meal
Cottonseed
Gossypol
Yolk
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Cottonseed
Cottonseed meal
Cottonseed oil
Bone meal
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Cottonseed oil
Cottonseed
Vegetable oil
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THE nutritional value of cottonseed meals for non-ruminants varies greatly. In processing cottonseed meal, both preservation of protein quality and detoxification must be achieved. The present processes of extraction of the oil from cottonseed involve two major phases, cooking and pressing. The cottonseed meals must be cooked to increase the yield and quality of the oil (Olcott, 1941). Reports generally credit moist cooking at high temperature with inactivation of the gossypol, which compound has been shown by Lillie and Bird (1950) and Heywang, Bird and Altschul (1950) to account for the toxicity of cottonseed meal for poultry. Among others, Gallup (1927) and Lyman, Holland and Hale (1944) reported destruction or inactivation of gossypol under these conditions. The evidence of the effect of cooking on the nutritive value of cottonseed meal is more contradictory. Olcott and Fontaine (1941) found that steam autoclaving at high temperatures markedly reduced nutritive value of the . . .
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Cottonseed oil
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The bulk of the experimental evidence suggests that solvent and press-extracted soybean oil meals have a similar value as protein supplements for chick growth. Few studies have been reported comparing solvent and press-extracted cottonseed meals. Groschke et al. (1947) have shown that gland-free solvent-extracted cottonseed meal was superior to commercial cottonseed meal for growth in chicks from 2 to 6 weeks of age. Boatner et al. (1948) in an extensive study of cottonseed meal concluded that the pigment glands of the cottonseed kernels contain all of the components injurious to chicks. Their results indicated that components of the glands other than gossypol or gossypurpurin have a deleterious effect on chick growth. In this note the results of some growth trials are reported in which solvent and hydraulic extracted cottonseed meals were compared with solvent soybean oil meal. The percentage of protein in the samples of oil meals was 49.4, 40.0, . . .
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Cottonseed
Cottonseed meal
Cottonseed oil
Soybean oil
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