Force-tuned Avidity of Spike Variant-ACE2 Interactions viewed on the Single-Molecule Level - MD simulations Dataset
Rong ZhouDaniel CanenaMateusz SikoraMiriam KlausbergerHannah SeferovicAhmad Reza MehdipourLisa HainElisabeth LaurentVanessa MonteilGerald WirnsbergerRalph WienekeRobert TampéNikolaus F. KienzlLukas MachAlì MirazimiYoo Jin OhJosef PenningerGerhard HummerPeter Hinterdorfer
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Abstract:
Models of SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein bound to 1-3 of ACE2 receptors embedded in lipid nanodisks. Systems include all files in GROMACS format needed to reproduce simulations performed in the "Force-tuned Avidity of Spike Variant-ACE2 Interactions viewed on the Single-Molecule Level" article. Details system box size (x-y-z) [nm] Number of atoms Spike +1x ACE2, full length 33.44834 28.96711 57.95573 5,665,217 Spike +
1x ACE2, truncated 28.05757 24.29856 46.74417 3,203,907 Spike +
2x ACE2, truncated 28.30864 21.23141 48.40873 2,936,398 Spike +
3x ACE2, truncated 28.32733 21.24544 48.30436 2,936,588
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Avidity
spike protein
Abstract Variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) challenge currently available COVID-19 vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapies through epitope change on the receptor binding domain of the viral spike glycoprotein. Hence, there is a specific urgent need for alternative antivirals that target processes less likely to be affected by mutation, such as the membrane fusion step of viral entry into the host cell. One such antiviral class includes peptide inhibitors which block formation of the so-called HR1HR2 six-helix bundle of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein and thus interfere with viral membrane fusion. Here we performed structural studies of the HR1HR2 bundle, revealing an extended, well-folded N-terminal region of HR2 that interacts with the HR1 triple helix. Based on this structure, we designed an extended HR2 peptide that achieves single-digit nanomolar inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 in cell-based fusion, VSV-SARS-CoV-2 chimera, and authentic SARS-CoV-2 infection assays without the need for modifications such as lipidation or chemical stapling. The peptide also strongly inhibits all major SARS-CoV-2 variants to date. This extended peptide is ~100-fold more potent than all previously published short, unmodified HR2 peptides, and it has a very long inhibition lifetime after washout in virus infection assays, suggesting that it targets a pre-hairpin intermediate of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. Together, these results suggest that regions outside the HR2 helical region may offer new opportunities for potent peptide-derived therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, and even more distantly related viruses, and provide further support for the pre-hairpin intermediate of the S protein. Significance Statement SARS-CoV-2 infection requires fusion of viral and host membranes, mediated by the viral spike glycoprotein (S). Due to the importance of viral membrane fusion, S has been a popular target for developing vaccines and therapeutics. We discovered a simple peptide that inhibits infection by all major variants of SARS-CoV-2 with nanomolar efficacies. In marked contrast, widely used shorter peptides that lack a key N-terminal extension are about 100 x less potent than this peptide. Our results suggest that a simple peptide with a suitable sequence can be a potent and cost-effective therapeutic against COVID-19 and they provide new insights at the virus entry mechanism.
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A SARS-CoV-2 lineage designated as Theta (P.3) with 16 signature mutations in the Spike protein region has been reported with cases centered in Region 7 of the Philippines. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the 33 samples under this lineage all contain the E484K, N501Y, and P681H Spike mutations previously found in the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs): Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), and Gamma (P.1). This report focuses on possible implications of the mutations found in the Spike protein based on the analysis of the Theta variant’s structure, stability, and molecular surface character. The analyses included investigations using static models and molecular dynamic simulations between the Spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) and its interactions with the angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptor. Our results suggest that these mutations could significantly impact the possible interactions of the Spike protein with the ACE2 receptor and neutralizing antibodies, and warrants further clinical investigation. Some of the mutations affecting the N and C terminal domains suggest effects on Spike monomer and trimer stability. This report provides insights on relevant targets for the design of future diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines against the evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants within the Philippines.
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Abstract We tested 10 recombinant antibodies directed against the spike S protein from SARS-CoV-1. Among them, antibodies AI334 and AQ806 detect by ELISA the spike S protein from SARS-CoV-2.
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2019-20 coronavirus outbreak
Coronavirus
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2019-20 coronavirus outbreak
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ABSTRACT A SARS-CoV-2 lineage designated as P.3 with multiple signature mutations in the Spike protein region was recently reported with cases from the Central Visayas Region of the Philippines. Whole genome sequencing revealed that the 33 samples under this lineage all contain the E484K, N501Y, and P681H Spike mutations previously found in variants of concern (VOC) such as the B.1.351, the P.1 and B.1.1.7 variants first reported in South Africa, Brazil, and the United Kingdom, respectively. The possible implications of the mutations found in the Spike protein of P.3 were analyzed for their potential effects on structure, stability, and molecular surface character. The analysis suggests that these mutations could significantly impact the possible interactions of the Spike protein with the ACE2 receptor and neutralizing antibodies, and warrants further clinical investigation. Some of the mutations affecting the N and C terminal domains may have effects on Spike monomer and trimer stability. This report provides insights on relevant targets for the design of future diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines against the evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants in the Philippines.
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Trimer
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spike protein
Coronavirus
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2019-20 coronavirus outbreak
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