Photochromic Thermoelectric Smart Window for Season‐Adaptive Solar Heat and Daylight Management
Weihao MengAugustinus J. J. KragtXiaowen HuJulia S. van der BurgtAlbertus P. H. J. SchenningYuchen YueGuofu ZhouLaifeng LiPing WeiWenyu ZhaoYong LiJingxia WangLei Jiang
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Abstract Photochromic smart windows have drawn increasing attention as an approach to improve building energy efficiency and enhance indoor daylight comfort. However, existing photochromic smart windows still block sunlight from entering the room on sunny winter days, causing additional energy consumption for heating. Herein, a dual‐mode smart window is designed with decoupled photo and thermal functions by combining colorless Fe‐doped WO 3 photochromic film with window rotation. Based on this, selective heating and cooling of the room between winter and summer is achieved while maintaining the daylight comfort benefits during all seasons. As a proof of concept, the smart window reduces the temperature of a model house by up to 7.9 °C in summer mode, while in winter mode the temperature is only reduced by 0.7 °C. The proposed seasonally adaptive dual‐mode smart window obtains by window rotation overcomes the limitations of conventional photochromic smart windows, which not only achieves better energy efficiency but also retains improved daylight comfort. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the heat absorbed by the smart window can be harnessed to produce electricity through the integration of thermoelectric modules within the glazing, which enhances its impact on reducing energy consumption.Keywords:
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Professor Aschehoug shows in the model experiments that window glazing in very narrow and deep atria, reflects daylight downwards in the same way as mirrors due to the glancing angle of glass incidence. Large windows in the upper floors therefore contribute more to daylight levels at the lower floors than normal average glass reflectants would indicate. Le professeur Aschehoug démontre par moyen d'expériences modèles que le vitrage dans des atria très étroits et profonds réfléchit la lumière du jour vers le bas, dans la même façon d'un miroir, à cause de l'angle d'incidence des vitres. Des grandes fenêtres aux étages supérieurs font alors une contribution plus important aux niveaux d'illumination aux étages inférieurs qu'indiquerait les normes de réflexion moyennes du verre. Keywords: atriaglazingartificial skyCIB W67
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The influence of common and Low-E double glazing glass fenestrations on indoor thermal and daylight environments was investigated in two test rooms in the summer in Hangzhou,China.The indoor air temperature,PMV-PPD,and illumination of the test rooms were measured.The results show that the percentage of total time for PMV values within-0.7～0.7 in the test rooms with common and LowE double glazing glass were about 50% and 72%,and the latter was much better than the former.The illumination was also beyond 110 lx on a work plane surface,which satisfied the minimum requirement of daylight for office buildings in China.
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This article presents the findings of research carried out on user response, from external evidence, in highly glazed office buildings and analyses the impact of this on predicting the environmental performance, productivity and energy consumption of office buildings. With high proportions of glazing, there is a significant difference between the theory and actual performance of a building envelope, in particular because of user preferences. Excessive glazing increases the probability of blinds being operated to reduce the impact of glare or direct sunlight. This significantly reduces the amount of daylight while only marginally reducing excessive heat gains. In the case of buildings in this research, it was found that blinds were extensively used and that artificial lighting was also used to supplement the loss of daylight, even on bright days. The additional energy used for both cooling and artificial lighting results in high proportions of glazing being responsible for significantly greater energy consumption than predicted and a potential loss in productivity.
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Windows are one of the most important parts of the building façade. Their main function is to ensure sufficient illumination of interiors and contact with outdoor environment, either directly or indirectly. The optical properties of the glazed part of these envelop apertures have significant influence on a lot of requirements, which have to be satisfied at the same time. The daylight distribution on the working plane is most affected by the glazing system’s light transmission. This study offers a simple method, how to find the appropriate value of the glazing system’s light transmission in relation to the Daylight Factor, in order to ensure the required daylight distribution in interior.
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