Transitions in flooding intensity on an experimental delta
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Abstract:
Information about past environments is stored in sedimentary rocks via biogeochemical markers stored in the sediments. Using these markers, the signal of paleoclimate and other environmental factors can be reconstructed from the strata. However, because sediment accumulation occurs stochastically, the stratigraphic record is often difficult to reconstruct with confidence. It is generally thought that with a sufficient sample size though, noise averages out, and the true signal can be reconstructed. This assumption is valid when the statistics of erosion and deposition remain steady throughout the interval of interest. In fact, it is known that changes in climate can alter the statistics of erosion and deposition, but the impact of this effect on paleoclimate reconstructions remains poorly understood. This dataset describes a set of physical delta experiments conducted at the Tulane University Sediment Dynamics and Stratigraphy Laboratory. Throughout the experiment, the level of flooding intensity that the delta was exposed to alternated between two end-member values, with transitions of varying durations. We monitored channel dynamics, and reconstructed synthetic climate records from the strata to see how the changing statistics of sediment accumulation impacted the preservation of environmental signals in the strata. This dataset is an HDF5 dataset, which is a general format. The data largely consist of a set of 3D arrays that contain 2D topography and imagery data, where the third dimension is time. Each data object is paired with a 1D vector that links datasets across the time dimension, since data were collected at different intervals. The appropriate linking datasets are also included as CSVs.Keywords:
Intensity
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The Middle to Upper Miocene delta system in Kutai Basin is compared with several published delta models in this article. The modern day Mississippi has been taken to represent fluvial-dominated deltas, Colorado delta in the Gulf of California for tide-dominated delta, and the Rhone delta for the wave-influenced comparison.
River delta
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The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California was largely shaped, and is maintained by, an immense amount of human activity. Evidence of this activity can be felt everywhere in the Delta, from rock-lined levees to the straight channels, from the non-native fish and plant species to the amount of water that flows through the Delta and where that water goes. How the Delta looks, feels, smells, and functions also impacts the people who live, work, and play in the Delta, and who drink or eat crops grown with Delta water. This article will explore how people have made the Delta and how the Delta influences people’s lives, both within and beyond this unique region.
San Joaquin
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Mississippi delta
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River delta
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Deltas are essential for studying the nature and behaviour of a large river. They are part subaerial and part subaqueous accumulation of sediment at the mouth of a river draining into a sea or a lake. A delta is divided primarily into a subaerial delta and a subaqueous delta. The subaerial delta may be further divided into a tidal delta and a non-tidal delta. Morphologically deltas can be divided into three parts: delta plain, delta front, and prodelta. Deltas of large rivers can be complex. Such a delta may extend over a large area and display varied morphology, multiple delta-forming processes, and the contribution of water and sediment discharges of the large river. The Ganga-Brahmaputra Delta demonstrates the complex nature of major deltas. The evolution of the delta is related to changes in the river system, climate, and sea level during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene.
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