Programming sp3 Quantum Defects along Carbon Nanotubes with Halogenated DNA
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Atomic defect color centers in solid-state systems hold immense potential to advance various quantum technologies. However, the fabrication of high-quality, densely packed defects presents a significant challenge. Herein we introduce a DNA-programmable photochemical approach for creating organic color-center quantum defects on semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Key to this precision defect chemistry is the strategic substitution of thymine with halogenated uracil in DNA strands that are orderly wrapped around the nanotube. Photochemical activation of the reactive uracil initiates the formation of sp3 defects along the nanotube as deep exciton traps, with a pronounced photoluminescence shift from the nanotube band gap emission (by 191 meV for (6,5)-SWCNTs). Furthermore, by altering the DNA spacers, we achieve systematic control over the defect placements along the nanotube. This method, bridging advanced molecular chemistry with quantum materials science, marks a crucial step in crafting quantum defects for critical applications in quantum information science, imaging, and sensing.Keywords:
Uracil
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Treatment of thymine and uracil under appropriate conditions with trimethyl, triethyl. or tri-n-butyl phosphate has given 1-methylthymine (80%). 1,3-dimethylthymine (87%), 1 -ethylthymine (80%), 1-n-butylthymine (40%), 1-methyluracil (80%), 1,3-dimethyluracil (75%), and 1-ethyluracil (35%).
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SUMMARY: Growing Escherichia ccli wild-type and pyrimidine-deficient strains break down exogenously added pyrimidine bases, thymine and uracil, whose 2-carbon atom appears as CO2. By using mineral salts glucose media with different sources of nitrogen the degradation processes are shown to be inducible. We conclude that thymine and uracil catabolism are regulated by the amount of metabolically available nitrogen in the ce|l.
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Abstract We present molecular mechanical calculations on 2,6‐diaminopurine (2,6‐DAP):uracil (thymine) and 8‐methyladenine (8‐methyl A): uracil (thymine) hydrogen‐bonded complexes of various geometries, namely, Watson‐Crick (normal and reverse), Hoogsteen (normal and reverse), and purine N3 type. In contrast to earlier calculations [Ornstein, R. L. & Fresco, J. R. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80 , 5171–5175], the 2,6‐DAP:uracil (thymine) complexes are predicted to be Watson‐Crick and the 8‐methyladenine:uracil (thymine) to be Hoogsteen. The results presented here are more consistent with the observed crystallographic preferences.
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Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase
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All planar homopairings of the DNA base thymine and the RNA base uracil are reported for the first time in this study. Using the idea of binding sites discussed in our previous work (Kelly et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 11933; J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 22045) and ab initio density functional theory, we predict and relax 10 thymine and 10 uracil homopairs. The stabilization energies of the homopairs vary from just below zero to −0.82 eV. The results on the pair geometry and energetics are compared with those available in the literature. The collected data on all planar thymine and uracil homopairs can be used to construct the thymine and uracil superstructures seen experimentally on various surfaces.
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The antitumor activity of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT-207) on sarcoma was enhanced by oral coadministration of uracil, thymine, or thymidine. The activity was enhanced equally by thymine and by uracil than by thymidine, but thymine caused loss in body weight. The antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was also enhanced by thymine or uracil, but both caused loss in body weight. Degradation of 5-FU in vitro was inhibited more by thymine than by uracil. Phosphorylation of 5-FU, however, was not inhibited by uracil, thymine, or thymidine, even at 100 times the concentration of 5-FU. These results suggest that the mechanism of enhancement of the antitumor activity of FT-207 by thymine or thymidine was similar to that by uracil, and that uracil had more effect than thymine or thymidine in enhancing antitumor effect of these drugs to FT-207 without toxicity.
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