Functions of extracellular polymeric substances in partitioning suspended and sinking particles in the upper oceans of two open ocean systems
4
Citation
68
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
Abstract Marine particle dynamics and carbon export, involving extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) like transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and Coomassie Brilliant Blue‐stained particles (CSP), are poorly understood. Although TEP adhesive properties may enhance carbon export by facilitating aggregate formation, their low density can also enhance particle suspension. Factors influencing TEP regulation of particle dynamics remain unclear. To investigate EPS contributions to particle dynamics, we investigated ratios of TEP to particulate organic carbon (POC) and of CSP to POC in suspended and sinking particles collected with marine snow catchers. Samples were collected in a subarctic region near Hokkaido during a spring phytoplankton bloom and in the oligotrophic, subtropical Kuroshio region. At Hokkaido, the mean TEP : POC ratio of sinking particles (0.075 μ g Xeq. : μ g C) was > 30× lower than in suspended particles (2.3), consistent with a model prediction of selective retention of buoyant TEP‐rich particles in the upper water column. In the Kuroshio region, sinking particles also contained fewer TEP than suspended particles; however, the TEP : POC ratio of sinking particles (1.0) was > 10× higher than at Hokkaido, suggesting that TEP constitute a significant carbon component of sinking particles. These findings indicate that TEP facilitate aggregation of high‐density particles and particle sinking in the Kuroshio region. Distributions of CSP : POC ratios between suspended and sinking particles resembled TEP : POC ratios in both regions, implying a significant contribution of CSP to particle dynamics. We propose that EPS have divergent effects on suspension and sinking of marine particles, which vary with particle composition and biogeochemical conditions.Keywords:
Extracellular polymeric substance
Pelagic copepods are divided into different groups, based on food and feeding habits. An account is given of feeding in certain cyclopoid copepods and deep‐sea copepods; a theory is put forward to explain how pelagic plants enter into the food cycle of the latter.
Cite
Citations (69)
Cite
Citations (51)
Padang City waters are one of the waters that have very promising potential for fishermen. This study aims to obtain potential areas for catching large pelagic fish which are analyzed using fashionable image data of chlorophyll a and SST. This research was carried out in November 2021. This research covered the period June, July and August, on June 9 potential zones for large pelagic fish were scattered, based on the distribution of potential large pelagic fish zones a distance of beat tween 1,000 meters to 5,000 resulted in 5 zones of potenzones for large pelagic fish and a distance of 1,000 meters to 10,000 or sea II produces 4 zones indicating the potential for large pelagic fish. In July the potential zone for large pelagic fish increased by 14 potential zones for large pelagic fish from a distance of 5. As a result, the distribution of sea surface temperature increases every month and the distribution of chlorophyll tends to crease. Based on the results of the interpolation of the potential for large pelagic fish, August is a month that has the potential for large pelagic fish catching zones, in the distribution of potential fish zones in the waters of Padang City, the average sea depth is between 10 meters and 50 meters. Based on tests of the accuracy of the distribution of fishing vessels in the waters of the City of Padang, only 5,000 meters from the shoreline, this has resulted in fewer fisherfewerbeing able to explore the potential spread across the waters of the City of Padang because there are no ships with engines with tonnage or wide cruising to be able to explore existing the potential.
Cite
Citations (0)
Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) , as a major component of microbial assemblages, e.g. , activated sludge, biofilm and particulate sludge, etc., plays a crucial role in the formation and structural maintenance of microbial assemblages. Extracellular protein is a main constituent of EPS, and its functioning in microbial flocculation and aggregation has being paid more and more attention. The development and application of protein analytical techniques provide a good platform for the further study of extracellular protein. The paper reviewed the kind and distribution of extracellular protein in microbial assemblages and the roles of the extracellular protein in flocculation, sedimentation, adsorption, mass transferring, and dewatering. The prospects of the future study and applications of extracellular protein were also put forward.
Extracellular polymeric substance
Extracellular polysaccharide
Cite
Citations (0)
Fishing industry
Cite
Citations (0)
Cannibalism
Animal ecology
Cite
Citations (21)
The contribution of CEN standard pelagic nets to the assessment of fish communities is tested by comparing three metrics (species composition, species abundance, and size structures) measured in accordance with the standard (i.e. using benthic nets only) to those calculated from the total effort (i.e. including pelagic nets). Hydroacoustic surveys were used simultaneously to assess fish densities in the pelagic habitat. The results show that in most cases the pelagic nets did not provide any extra information about these three metrics. However, their inclusion in the calculation of CPUE and size structures may affect the picture of the fish communities, especially in lakes containing salmonid populations. This study highlights the need to sample pelagic fish when assessing fish communities in order to determine lake quality.
Cite
Citations (26)
Interest in pelagic embryos and larvae of benthic marine animals has centered on dispersal and its consequences, but longer pelagic larval durations appear to have evolved and to persist for other reasons than dispersal advantages. Here are explanatory hypotheses for three kinds of pelagic development. (1) Pelagic development prior to ability to feed or settle avoids constraints of oxygen supply to aggregated embryos and scarcity of deposition sites. Also, costs of protection may be greater and survival benefits less than indicated by present evidence. (2) Obligately feeding pelagic larvae migrate to the plankton for greater growth or lower mortality. Under this hypothesis, the observed large scale dispersal is an incidental byproduct of a migration from benthic to pelagic habitat for greater growth or survival. Given pelagic development, unevenly favorable benthic environments and varying currents might result in selection for spread of sibling larvae as a form of bet hedging, but selection for dispersal as a result of pelagic development does not explain evolution of pelagic development. (3) For larvae released near competence for settlement and metamorphosis, the function of the pelagic stage is dispersal and habitat selection. For these larvae, the observed precompetent pelagic periods of seconds to a day may indicate pelagic durations adapted for dispersal because offspring could be protected until release at competence.
Cite
Citations (31)
Cite
Citations (5)
The article deals with the testing result of the special designed pelagic trawl of pair boat catching pelagic fishes. The experimental results show that the net structure is reasonable and trawl performance is fine. The height of net opening is 25 m to 30 m. The trawling resistance has reduced by 14.3%, the average haul catch has increased by 146% in comparison with contrast net.
Cite
Citations (0)