Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: pathogenesis and models
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Abstract:
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex disease characterized by a massive accumulation of lipids in the liver, with a continuous progression of simple steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome; it is a severe public health risk and is currently the most common liver disease of the world.In addition to the fatty infiltration of the liver in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients, the field of liver transplantation faces similar obstacles.NAFLD and NASH primarily involve lipotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance.However, the precise mechanisms and treatments remain unclear.Therapeutic approaches encompass exercise, weight control, as well as treatments targeting antioxidants and anti-inflammatory pathways.The role of animal models in research has become crucial as a key tool to explore the molecular mechanisms and potential treatments for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.Here, we summarized the current understanding of the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and discussed animal models commonly used in recent years.Keywords:
Steatohepatitis
Lipotoxicity
Steatosis
Liver disease
Alcoholic fatty liver
Alcoholic Hepatitis
To investigate the expression of the transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-beta 1) mRNA in different stages of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and its clinical value.One hundred and seven male alcoholics were grouped by clinical findings into four groups: alcohol abusers without liver impairment (n =22), alcoholic steatosis (n =30); alcoholic hepatitis (n=31); and alcoholic cirrhosis(n=24). Using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as samples the gene expression of TGF-beta 1 was examined quantitatively by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and dot blot. There are 34 healthy subjects served as control.The expression of TGF-beta 1 from all ALD patients was significantly greater than that in controls (1.320 +/- 1.162 vs 0.808 +/- 0.276, P<0.001). The differences of the expressions were significant between the patients from each groups (alcoholic steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis) and the controls (1.168 +/- 0.852, 1.462 +/- 1.657, 1.329 +/- 0.610 vs 0.808 +/- 0.276, P<0.050). No significant differences of TGF -beta 1 mRNA expression were observed between alcohol abusers without liver impairment and controls. The expressions in patients with alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis were significantly greater than that in alcohol abusers respectively (1.462 +/- 1.657, 1.329 +/- 0.610 vs 0.841 +/- 0.706, P<0.050). No significant differences of TGF-beta 1 mRNA expression were observed between alcoholic fatty liver men and alcohol abusers.TGF-beta 1 expression level can be a risk factor for alcoholic liver disease and might be related to the inflammatory activity and fibrosis of the liver in patients.
Alcoholic Hepatitis
Steatosis
Alcoholic fatty liver
Hepatitis C
Liver disease
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Objective to measure plasma endotoxin in patients with alcoholic liver diseases.Methods The peripheral blood plasma endotoxin level were quantitatively measured in the following four groups of subjects (98 cases), including alcoholic fatty liver,alcoholic hepatitis,alcoholic liver cirrhosis and normal controls by Matrix Chromo-Hao test .Results Endotoxin was detected in 9.00% in the normal controls and in 12.12% of patients with alcoholic fatty liver,55.55% in alcoholic hepatitis and 68.01% in alcoholic liver cirrhosis .Except patients with alcoholic fatty liver, the endotoxin levels in the others were significantly higher than normal controls (P0.01).And the peripheral blood plasma endotoxin levels in the latter two groups was also significantly higher than the nomal controls (P0.01).Conclusion There is a higher incidence of endotoxemia in patients with alcoholic liver diseases.
Alcoholic Hepatitis
Alcoholic fatty liver
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Objective To investigate the alcoholic hepatopathy patient serum transforming growth factor(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)interleukin-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)and interleukin-8(interleukin-8,IL-8)in alcoholic liver disease in rats.Methods 60patients with alcoholic liver disease patients with alcoholic fatty liver(n=20),alcoholic hepatitis(n=20)and alcoholic liver cirrhosis(n=20)were divided into three groups.ELISA method was used to detect20cases of healthy controls and 60patients with various types of alcoholic liver disease patients’serum TGF-β,IL-6and IL-8levels.Results the serum TGF-β,IL-6and IL-8levels with hepatic lesion severity increased,alcoholic fatty liver,alcoholic hepatitis group and the group of alcoholic cirrhosis group three index levels were higher than those in normal control group,significantly(P0.01),with alcoholic cirrhosis group three indicators for the highest level of.Conclusion TGF-β,IL-6and IL-8in alcoholic liver disease has important function in patients with alcoholic liver disease,serum TGF-β,IL-6and IL-8level detection can be used as alcoholic liver disease monitoring and prognostic index.
Alcoholic Hepatitis
Alcoholic fatty liver
Liver disease
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Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major health problem globally. Long-term drinking can lead to fatty liver and inflammation, which in turn may cause liver fibrosis, cirrhosis or liver cancer. At present, the potential mechanism is not fully understood, and growing evidence shows that microRNAs (miRNAs, miR) play an important role in different stages of ALD. In this paper, the research progress in the role of various miRNAs in different stages of ALD is reviewed, and their application in ALD is prospected.
Key words:
Alcoholic liver disease; MicroRNA; Alcoholic fatty liver; Alcoholic hepatitis; Alcohol hepatic fibrosis
Alcoholic Hepatitis
Alcoholic fatty liver
Liver disease
Liver Cancer
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Objective In order to confirm clinical pathologic attribution of ALD,and to identify with other hepatopathy.We studied the function of prealbumin in evaluation of alcoholic fatty liver,alcoholic hepatitis,alcoholic cirrhosis.Methods In accordance with clinical diagnosis criteria of ALD(discussion manuscript)formulated by the Branch of Adiposis Hepatica and Alcoholic Liver Disease Chinese Society of Hepatology Chinese Medical Association,we selected sixty-five patient.Then we measured prealbumin(PA)in their serum.Results In chronic persistant hepatitis,alcoholic fatty liver,alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis,the content of ALT,AST and GGT was not significant different.In Alcoholic fatty liver and alcoholic hepatitis,the content of PA was not decreased significantly.However,PA was decreased significantly in alcoholic cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis.Conclusion We could check PA when the content of ALT,AST and GGT was all increased,but we could not judge which of them was increased in patient drinking for along time.Patient whose PA was normal could suffer from alcoholic fatty liver.They can becured by stoping drinking.Patient whose PA was decreased significantly could suffer from hepatic cirrhosis and chronic persistant hepatitis.In order to cure they shoud be checked other item.
Alcoholic Hepatitis
Alcoholic fatty liver
Liver function
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Alcoholic Hepatitis
Steatohepatitis
Alcoholic fatty liver
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Recently there has been an increase in annual per capita consumption of alcohol beverage and the incidence of Alcoholic liver disease is steadily and significantly increasing. Alcoholic liver disease includes alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, alcoholic cirrhosis and it may lead to systemic influence, in a case of CVA. This report is about one case`s treatment for ICH with alcoholic liver disease. In this case, we administrated Taeumjowetang and did acupuncture treatment to a patient suffering from ICH with alcoholic liver disease and its withdrawal symptoms. After administration of Taeumjowetang medication, clinical symptoms and liver function were prominently improved. This report showed that Taeumjowetang might be useful for alcoholic liver disease.
Alcoholic Hepatitis
Alcoholic fatty liver
Liver disease
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Alcoholic Hepatitis
Alcoholic fatty liver
Liver disease
Ethanol metabolism
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Economic prosperity in Taiwan has lead to increased ethanol consumption resulting in increasing cases of hospitalization for alcoholic liver disease. Alcoholic liver disease based on histological findings is classified into four categories: alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, alcoholic cirrhosis and alcoholic hepatitis superimposed on cirrhosis. Damages caused by free radicals and lipid peroxidation have lead to the ballooning change of hepatocytes and the formation of Mallory bodies. Ethanol-induced hypoxia, lipid peroxidation, and acetaldehyde activate the stellate cells and thus increase matrix production and fibrogenesis. In this review, various clinical features and treatments of alcoholic liver disease are discussed. It is recommended that patients with alcoholic hepatitis be assessed with appropriate quantitative scores for early steroids therapy to improve survival.
Alcoholic Hepatitis
Alcoholic fatty liver
Liver disease
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The aim of the study was to compare the features of immune response in patients with alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.There was investigated immune status of 46 patients with alcoholic liver disease and 34 patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.It was found the resemblance of the immune regulation of pathogenesis in both diseases. It was also established that in the history of alcoholic liver disease necrosis starts earlier because of loosing immune regulation of programmed cell death. This leads to forming liver cirrhosis in younger age.
Steatohepatitis
Alcoholic Hepatitis
Pathogenesis
Liver disease
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