The Transcriptome Study of Subtype M2 Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia
A-Yang WuHui-Cong YangCongmeng LinBide WuQi-shui QuYuanhai ZhengHua WeiXuqiao MeiZeng ZhenhuaXudong Ma
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Acute myeloblastic leukemia
Prolonged meningeal leukemia. Occurrence during hematologic remission of acute myeloblastic leukemia
MENINGEAL leukemia accounts for initial relapses in many patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia.1Systemically administered chemotherapy does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and leukemic cells in this sanctuary can multiply uncontrolled. With the introduction of prophylactic cranial irradiation and the intrathecal administration of methotrexate and other cytotoxic agents, a definite reduction of meningeal leukemia has occurred.2 In cases of acute myelocytic leukemia, meningeal leukemia occurs less frequently. Weil and co-workers,3in a study of 836 cases of acute myelocytic leukemia, found meningeal leukemia in only 48 instances (5.7%). Seligman et al4also noted a similar incidence in their review. Because of this low incidence, prophylactic treatment for meningeal leukemia is not widely used in acute myelocytic leukemia. The most frequent form of relapse in this type of leukemia after successful remission induction is hematologic. Improved remission induction due to better chemotherapy and immunotherapy5and longer
Acute myeloblastic leukemia
Myelocytic leukemia
Prophylactic cranial irradiation
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Acute myeloblastic leukemia
Acute monocytic leukemia
Rosette (schizont appearance)
Chronic leukemia
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The mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell reaction (MLTR) between peripheral lymphocytes and cryopreserved autochthonous leukemia cells was studied in 36 adult patients with acute leukemia after complete remission as a result of chemotherapy. In 20 patients the lymphocytes showed a significant blastogenic response to autochthonous leukemia cells. Eleven out of 18 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia and 4 out of 5 with acute monocytic leukemia showed positive MLTR, whereas 5 out of 13 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia gave a positive reaction. Cryopreserved leukemia cells of the patients with not only positive but also negative MLTR were able to stimulate allogeneic lymphocytes, except in one case. The relationship between MLTR and the prognosis of leukemia was analyzed in 30 patients who were alive more than 6 months after diagnosis. No apparent correlation was observed between MLTR and the survival time from diagnosis.
Acute myeloblastic leukemia
Acute monocytic leukemia
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Abstract Age is well-known to be a significant factor in both disease pathology and response to treatment, yet the molecular changes that occur with age in humans remain ill-defined. Here, using transcriptome profiling of healthy human male skin, we demonstrate that there is a period of significantly elevated, transcriptome-wide expression changes occurring predominantly in middle age. Both pre and post this period, the transcriptome appears to undergo much smaller, linear changes with increasing age. Functional analysis of the transient changes in middle age suggest a period of heightened metabolic activity and cellular damage associated with NF-kappa-B and TNF signaling pathways. Through meta-analysis we also show the presence of global, tissue independent linear transcriptome changes with age which appear to be regulated by NF-kappa-B. These results suggest that aging in human skin is associated with a critical mid-life period with widespread transcriptome changes, both preceded and proceeded by a relatively steady rate of linear change in the transcriptome. The data provides insight into molecular changes associated with normal aging and will help to better understand the increasingly important pathological changes associated with aging.
Senescence
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Transcriptome analysis is a powerful tool to characterize changes in leukocyte gene expression patterns and reveal very early molecular abnormalities in tissue. Herein, we report on characterization of the very earliest abnormalities in the transcriptome of leukocytes from young "prepathologic" NOD and NON female mice.
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Acute myeloblastic leukemia
Chronic leukemia
Acute lymphocytic leukemia
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Abstract The human genome is thought to contain 100 000 genes of which a subset of approximately 15 000 to 20 000 genes is expressed in an individual cell. The set of genes expressed and the stoichiometry of the resulting messenger RNAs, together called a transcriptome, determine the phenotype of a cell, tissue, and whole organism. It is generally accepted that a transcriptome is largely determined by an interplay of hereditary and environmental factors. For example, in the CNS, a challenge from the environment, e.g. a learning or a traumatic experience may lead to an alteration of the transcriptome of target neurons. Thus, transcriptome analysis and subsequent transcriptome comparisons may reveal novel insights in the molecular mechanisms underlying complex processes such learning and memory formation.
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Acute myeloblastic leukemia
Acute myelomonocytic leukemia
Acute lymphocytic leukemia
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Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation cures some persons with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia, and chronic myelogenous leukemia. Considerable data suggest that most cures result from immune-mediated antileukemia effects of the transplant rather than intensive pretransplantation chemotherapy and radiation. The mechanism of these immune-mediated effects, termed graft-versus-leukemia, is unknown. In the past 25 years more than 20,000 allogeneic transplantations were performed worldwide in persons with leukemia. Here we review single- and multicenter studies and analyses of the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry on results of allografts for leukemia.
Acute myeloblastic leukemia
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
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Objective To explore the clinical application significance of quantitative detection of minimal residual leukemia cells in peripheral blood in acute leukemia patients.Methods Using PCR amplification of quantitative method of limited dilution,the FLT3 gene was detected in blast cells of peripheral blood from 25 newly diagnosed cases of acute leukemia,and the number of minimal residual leukemia cells in newly diagnosed cases and the cases after one course of chemotherapy was calculated respectively.10 healthy subjects were used as control group.Results ①The positive rate of FLT3 gene in 25 newly diagnosed cases of acute leukemia sample was 80%(20/25),the positive rate in acute myeloblastic leukemia(AML) patients was 88.2%(15/17)and in acute lymphocytic leukemia(ALL)was 62.5%(5/ 8).②The mean DNA content in peripheral blood in 20 cases with FLT3 positive expression in newly diagnosed group was(2.36±1.25)×108 μg·L-1,being equal to(18.66±8.79)×106 leukemia cells in every microliter peripheral blood.After one course of chemotherapy ,there was 1 case without remission,the DNA content in peripheral blood was 1.69×107μg·L-1,being equal to 1.01×106 leukemia cells in every microliter peripheral blood;there were 3 cases with partial remission,the mean DNA content in peripheral blood was(0.57±0.24)×106 μg·L-1,being equal to(1.82±0.19)×103 leukemia cells in every microliter peripheral blood.There were 9 cases with complete remission with FLT3 negtive expression,and 7 cases with complete remission with FLT3 positive expression,the mean DNA content in peripheral blood was(0.16±0.06)×106 μg·L-1,being equal to(1.86±1.31)×102 leukemia cells in every microliter peripheral blood.Conclusion The quantitative and periodic detection of minimal residual leukemia cells would help to evaluate leukemia chemotherapy efficiency and to adjust treatment scheme in time.
Acute myeloblastic leukemia
Minimal Residual Disease
Induction chemotherapy
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