Pricing Strategies of New Energy Automobile and Traditional Vehicles in the Post-subsidy Epoch
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With the substantial decline in subsidies for new energy automobile, the domestic new energy car industry has undergone "earth-shaking" changes, and the market scale of these new energy automobiles have continued to decline. Even some auto parts suppliers went out of business. At the same time, with the introduction of Tesla in the Chinese market and the continuous expansion of the market size, the pricing strategy of Tesla in the Chinese market, domestic new energy vehicles and traditional fuel vehicles has undergone tremendous changes, so that the market has Get maximum profit. In this context, domestic new energy vehicles may require government departments and related companies to re-evaluate the market status, redefine new development strategies for new energy cars, and promote the healthy and continuous progress of all new energy vehicles. Based on the tripartite representatives in the oligopoly, namely domestic new energy vehicles, Tesla, and Conventional fuel automobile, a tripartite game model has been planned to discuss the tripartite pricing mechanism in this market competition. The research results found that in the future Chinese market, before the technology of domestic new energy vehicles has completely surpassed the technology of the joint venture industry represented by Tesla, it should try to keep the price as low as possible to obtain high profits.Keywords:
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Decentralization of the energy sector means the breaking-up of the sector and its vertically integrated enterprises and/or global cartels by separating its distinct functions (extraction, transmission and sale), thereby allowing for increased competition in the market. This chapter uses two case studies to illustrate the challenges the decentralization of largely vertically integrated energy markets poses for international trade law, including international trade law’s inability to deal comprehensively with the production quota practices of global energy cartels such as the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). The chapter then studies regional energy market decentralization policies (in this case the European internal market), focusing on the panel report in EU – Energy Package, and considers which WTO rules facilitate such policies and which constrain them.
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Competition Law
Single market
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ENERGY STAR market share is a key indicator of consumer preference for ENERGY STARqualified products. As such, it is a key metric for market-transformation program evaluation. However, difficulty in acquiring actual ENERGY STAR market shares and doubts about how accurately retailers are willing to report their true sales data cloud its value for use in evaluations. The research reported in this paper addresses this issue. It reduces some of the uncertainty in the use of retailer self-reported ENERGY STAR market shares for residential appliance products by correlating trends in self-reported market share with trends in an independently measured metric that serves as a plausible surrogate for ENERGY STAR market share. The surrogate variable is the proportion of appliance models on display in retailers’ showrooms that are ENERGY STAR models. Three different evaluation metrics for market-share trend and display-proportion trend are developed, correlated, and tested for four common residential appliances (twelve tests). Eleven of the twelve correlations are found to be statistically significant. The paper concludes that trends in retailer self-reported ENERGY STAR market share are valid indicators of trends in actual ENERGY STAR market share. As such, retailer self-reported ENERGY STAR market share has important value for assessing progress in ENERGY STAR market-transformation programs.
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Energy market
Value (mathematics)
Market research
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Domestic market
Energy market
European commission
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Harmonization
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When prices are high and public service obligations are not properly fulfilled, consumers wonder if they obtain what they need from the market. In electricity and gas markets of the EU Member States, apart from the persistence of high, non-transparent regulated prices, a number of shortcomings have been identified by the European Commission, such as a less than optimal network use for energy transmission, a lack of coordination and cooperation across borders by transmission system operators and national authorities, and a lack of transparent and simple procedures for dealing with consumers’ complaints. These are the main elements of the infringement proceedings that the European Commission decided to launch on 25 June 2009 against 25 Member States for non–compliance with certain Community provisions in the Second Internal Energy Market Package, which entered into force on 1 July 2007. Quite emblematic is the fact that it occurred the same day as the adoption of the Third Internal Energy Market Package aiming to ensure a proper functioning of the EU energy market. We intend to analyse what has happened in the recent years at the EU level in order to liberalise and remove the significant remaining obstacles to competition in the energy market.
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European commission
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In order to share EU experience of electricity market reform,the paper reviews the reform process based on the first,second and third EU energy directives and focuses on the third directives to establish an unified internal energy market in EU countries.The EU road map and action plans indicate that it is very important to implement step by step and differentially coordinate.The outcomes of EU 10 year transmission plan are also presented in the paper.
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Abstract In a small country's industries, it is common that both small and large firms export a significant share of their total production. How does better export access affect the domestic market when this occurs? Incorporating investments in quality that require fixed outlays and increase a variety's appeal in all countries, we show that an export shock entails two opposing mechanisms. On the one hand, it induces quality upgrades that raise the domestic market share of large firms. On the other hand, it fosters entry of small firms, making large firms lose domestic market share and downgrade quality. Using Danish data, we show that small firms in some industries are so heavily export‐oriented that better export opportunities reallocate domestic market share towards the least productive domestic firms. And while competition by small firms reduces some large firms' domestic markups, it also leads some to downgrade quality and suffer a substantial fall in profits.
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The European process of harmonization in the field of energy: contextualisation. A prior step towards an energt union: a fully-integrated internal energy market. A necessary precondition for a competitive internal energy market: the issue of unbundling.
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