Histology and fine structure of epidermal papillomas in the Alpine newt Ichthyosaura alpestris (Urodela: Salamandridae)
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Epidermal papillomas of alpine newts (Ichthyosaura alpestris) collected in the field (Germany, Austria) were studied by histology (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Papillomas were found on the head, the trunk and the tail, with the most and largest on the head of males. They protruded beyond the body surface exhibiting an appearance like a cauliflower. The head of one specimen studied by SEM had a large papilloma and was densely populated with bacteria, fungi and sessile ciliates. The surface of papillomas was covered either by stratum corneum cells, or by deeper cell layers that may be exposed by injuries. Histology revealed that papillomas consisted of compact bulbous extensions that were deeply embedded into the dermis and separated from each other by small septa (papillae) of connective tissue. Bulbs were distinctly demarcated by a thin basal lamella that was continuous with the basal lamella of the adjacent non-altered epidermis. An invasion of papilloma-cells through the basal lamella in the underlying connective tissue could not be unequivocally demonstrated; only once we found an area by TEM, which could be interpreted in this way. Bulbs may have two types of cavities or cysts. One type contained masses of keratinized cell layers, the other appeared either largely empty, or contained cellular debris and/or PAS-positive substances discharged by secretory cells lining the cyst. Tumor cells within a bulb are offen arranged in clusters or nests. Generally, cells appeared relatively undifferentiated having large euchromatic or heterochromatic nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and a moderate amount of cell organelles. Also the amount of tonofilamets and number and size desmosomes (macuale adhaerentes) seemed to be reduced. Virus-like particles were found neither in the cytoplasm nor in the nucleus. Compared to the unaltered epidermis, in which no mitoses were seen, mitotic cells occurred in all papillomas examined. In addition, the neoplastic tissue always contained macrophages and further ‘leucocytes’, but necrotic areas were rare. Dermal papillae separating the bulbs from each other and the dermal tissue immediately beneath the basal lamina of papillomas contained a high number of cells (e.g., fibroblasts and cells of the immune system).Keywords:
Histology
Epidermis (zoology)
Acanthosis
Lamella (surface anatomy)
Apocrine
Bovine cutaneous papillomatosis caused by a bovine papillomavirus, is a common skin disease in Turkey. The aim of the present study was to describe the clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical aspects of naturally occurring bovine cutaneous papillomatosis.A total of 82 Holstein cattle (9.5%), aged between 5 and 24 months, were diagnosed as cutaneous papilloma by clinical examination. The percentage of papilloma and papillomatosis in male and female was found in 7.3% and 14.8%, respectively. The cauliflower-like growths of varying sizes (0.5-11 cm) were mostly located on the head (63.2%). Histopathology revealed various degrees of acanthosis and hyperkeratosis in all neoplasms. Immunohistochemical (IHC) examination with antibodies against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 were detected in the basal layer of the epidermis and connective tissue. Bovine papillomavirus (BPV-1) antigens were detected in the basal layer. In conclusion, it was decided that the BPV-1, PCNA and Ki-67 antibodies were very useful markers in the diagnosis of bovine cutaneous papilloma
Acanthosis
Papillomatosis
Bovine papillomavirus
Histopathology
Epidermis (zoology)
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1. Foot pad health was determined macroscopically and histologically in two trials with Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL, white layer strain) and Lohmann Brown (LB) laying hens kept in a small group housing system (40 and 60 hens) and two types of furnished cages (10 and 20 hens). 2. A total of 864 foot pads (648 LSL and 216 LB) were examined macroscopically and classified according to severity of pathological alterations; of these, 180 metatarsal pads and 180 toe pads were also examined histologically for hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, elongation of rete folds, development of secondary papillae, erosion, ulceration, cellular infiltration and bacterial colonisation of the epidermal surface. 3. As for the macroscopic examinations, pathological alterations of foot pads were found in 86·1% of the hens, while 57·4% of the birds examined showed mild hyperkeratosis. Macroscopically moderate hyperkeratosis and/or superficial lesions of the epithelium were detected in 21% of the laying hens examined. Severe hyperkeratosis and/or deep epithelial lesions and/or mild swelling of the foot pads were found in 5·9% of the hens, and very severe hyperkeratosis and/or deep and large epithelial lesions and/or moderate or high-grade swelling of foot pads were found in 1·9%. 4. The histopathological examinations showed that the macroscopically determined thickening of the epidermis was due not only to hyperkeratosis, but also often to acanthosis. In addition, perivascular infiltrations of lymphocytes were also detected. Furthermore, the degree of hyperkeratosis in metatarsal pads was shown to correlate with the other histopathological traits except for ulceration, and the degree of hyperkeratosis in toe pads was related to the development of secondary papillae and cellular infiltration with lymphocytes. 5. The results of the macroscopic and histological examinations showed that the use of perches and the grasping of wire floor may have resulted in a permanent increased mechanical compression load leading to proliferative hyperkeratosis.
Acanthosis
Foot (prosody)
Infiltration (HVAC)
Keratosis
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Congenital symmetrical interdigital hyperkeratosis is a rare disorder described by Frei in 1923, characterized by localized hyperkeratosis of the interdigital spaces of the hands and feet. The authors report the case of a 7-year-old girl affected by this condition. The skin hyperkeratotic lesions appeared localized exclusively to the interdigital spaces of the hands. Histologic examination showed orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, hypergranulosis and acanthosis. Keratolytics failed to improve the clinical picture.
Acanthosis
Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis
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Abstract: The histologic findings of confluent and reticulated papillomatosis include papillomatosis, hyperkeratosis, and minimal or no acanthosis. We present a patient with the clinical findings of confluent and reticulated papillomatosis who responded dramatically to azithromycin, but histologic examination did not reveal papillomatosis. We observed invagination of basket‐weave hyperkeratosis through the epidermis. We considered this finding may give a clue for the diagnosis of confluent and reticulated papillomatosis.
Papillomatosis
Acanthosis
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This study was designed to evaluate the clinical, histopathological and molecular features of cattle warts disease in Al-Qadissiyia goverment. Fourteen samples from skin lesions were collected from cattle that were diagnosed as cutaneous papilloma by clinical examination. All samples were examined for the presence of cutaneous fibropapillomatosis and confirmed histopathologically and by molecular detection by (PCR) for BPV-1 and BPV-2 as causative agents for the bovine cutaneous papillomatosis.. The results of this study showed that lesions were mostly located on the head and neck, perineal region, under the chin and around eyes. The histopathological changes of cauliflower-like growths of varying size (1-4 cm3) revealed various degrees of hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis and acanthosis in all samples .The results of multiplex PCR for genotyping (BPV-1 and BPV-2) by using specific primers for L-major capsid protein revealed that eleven out of fourteen tissue samples were positive results for (BPV-1-L1 gene) and all the samples were negative result for (BPV-2-L2 gene) .On conclusion the bovine papillomatosis Who was diagnosed in Al-Qadissiyia Province is caused by bovine papillomavirus types 1 (BPV-1-L1 gene) and has atypical characteristic clinical singes which make it easily to distinguish from other skin disease .
Papillomatosis
Acanthosis
Bovine papillomavirus
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Analyze whether the most frequent cases of non-dysplastic leukoplakias, hyperkeratosis (H), acanthosis (A), and hyperkeratosis with acanthosis (HA) have similar cell proliferation rates and to compare them with epithelial dysplastic (ED) leukoplakias and normal oral epithelium (NOE).The sample comprised 10 cases of normal oral epithelium, 10 cases of hyperkeratosis, 10 cases of acanthosis, 10 cases of hyperkeratosis with acanthosis and 10 cases of epithelial dysplasia. The mean number of AgNORs per nucleus (mAgNOR) and the mean percentage of cells with 1, 2, 3 and 4 or more AgNORs per nucleus (pAgNOR) were recorded.The results of mAgNOR showed differences between disorders in the evaluation of the basal layer, of the parabasal layer, and in the overall evaluation. mAgNOR and pAgNOR=2 increased progressively from normal oral epithelium to hyperkeratosis with acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis and epithelial dysplasia (p<0.05). Cell proliferation rate was different between different subtypes of non-dysplastic leukoplakias and this group presented a higher proliferative behavior when compared to normal oral epithelium.It may be suggested that non-dysplastic leukoplakias had different characteristics regarding cell proliferation rates and sometimes showed a proliferative behavior similar to that found in epithelial dysplasia. More studies should be conduced to increase knowledge about the biological profile of non-dysplastic leukoplakias, especially as it pertains to acanthosis.
Acanthosis
Dyskeratosis
Epithelial dysplasia
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Abstract Background A series of cases characterized by symmetrical acral hyperkeratosis, mainly involving the dorsal surface of the hands, feet, and wrists, but sparing the palmoplantar areas, as well as rapid immersion upon exposure to water have been recently described in China, but similar disorders have not been reported in the English literature. Methods The clinicopathologic features of two cases of acquired symmetrical acrokeratoderma were reported and 27 Chinese patients were reviewed. Results The disorder typically occurred in young or middle aged men. Brown to black hyperkeratotic patches were symmetrically distributed particularly on the wrists and dorsum of hands, fingers, and feet, but without involvement of palms and soles. The lesions became whitish with mild swelling immediately after contact with water and improved generally in winter. Histopathologic examination revealed epidermal hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and papillomatous hyperplasia, as well as superficial perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate. Main ultrastructural features of the immersed lesion were epidermal hyperkeratosis and spongiosis with partial split of the desmosomes. Conclusion This disorder may be a new dermatosis, and the term “acquired symmetrical acrokeratoderma” could exactly reflect its clinicopathologic characteristics.
Acanthosis
Spongiosis
Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis
Papillomatosis
Dyskeratosis
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A 28-year-old man comlained of papules and plagues on the hands instantly contacted with water for half a year.There was localized tightness.All the lesions disappeared themselves 15 minutes after removal of water.Physical examination revealed whitish papules and plagues on the palms.Histopathology showed hyperkeratosis and acanthosis in the epidermis.Diagnosis:aquagenic acrokeratoderma.
Acanthosis
Histopathology
Epidermis (zoology)
Histopathological examination
Dyskeratosis
Acanthosis Nigricans
Keratosis
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A 24-year-old male presented with brown to black hyperkeratotic patches which were symmetrically distributed particularly on the wrists and dorsum of hands and feet,but without involvement of palms and soles. The lesions became whitish with mild swelling immediately after contacting with water and the lesions improved or disappear generally in winter. Histopathologic examination revealed epidermal hyperkeratosis,acanthosis and papillomatous hyperplasia,as well as superficial perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate.
Acanthosis
Histopathological examination
Dyskeratosis
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Objective:To explore the clinic and pathological characteristics of Hyperkeratosis of nipple and areola(HNA)and assess the association of HNA and Human papillomavirus(HPV).Methods:The clinic data of one case of HNA complicated with HPV infection was analyzed and the relevant literatures were reviewed.Results:HNA was a rare and benign condition.Verrucous thickening and pigmentation of the nipple and/or areola were the main features of the condition.The histopathological changes showed hyperkeratosis,acanthosis,papillomatosis,and lymphocytic infiltrate in the dermis.The patient was complicated with HPV infection.The immunohistochemical examination showed the total HPV(+),HPV-6 and HPV-11(-).Conclusion:The diagnosis of HNA is mainly dependented on the clinic and pathologic way.There is no specific treatment for this disease now.
Acanthosis
Papillomatosis
Areola
Dyskeratosis
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