P-191 Occupational exposure and lung cancer: a based hospital case-control study
Athimni ZeinebM. BouhoulaSana BhiriChouchen AsmaAsma AlouiKalboussi HoudaImen KacemMaher MaouaA. BrahemEl Maalel OlfaSouheil ChattiNéjib Mrizak
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Abstract:
Introduction
Lung cancer is a public health problem. In Tunisia, the incidence of these cancers is increasing, especially in women. Smoking is a universally recognized risk factor. However, the part of environmental and professional exposures is not insignificant. Therefore, it is important to determine the occupational factors involved in the genesis of primary bronchopulmonary cancers.Methods
A case-control study of 109 histologically confirmed cases of lung cancer and 109 controls matched for gender and age group (±5 years) was conducted. We collected information on socio-demographic characteristics, medical data, and occupational history. A job-exposure matrix was used to infer exposure to lung carcinogens.Results
Cases were older than controls (mean age: 60 and 58 respectively, p=0,45). Only11,9% of cases were never-smokers, compared with 40,4% of controls. A significant association existed between smoking and lung cancer (p<10–3, OR= 4,99 IC95%= [2,49–10]). Workers in the categories construction sector (p=0.01; OR IC95% = 1,95 [1,12–3,40] ) and hotels sectors (p=10–3; OR IC95% = 5,90[1,94–17,90] ) showed signicantly increased risks of lung cancer. When determined by job task exposure matrix, crystalline silica (p=0,03 ; OR IC95%= 3,06 [1,06–8,83]), diesel emissions (p=0,01 ; OR IC95%=0,99[0,99–1]), chromium (p=0,01 ; OR IC95%=0,99[0,99–1]) and nickel (p=0,0 ; OR IC95%=0,99[0,98–1]) were signicantly associated with lung cancer.Conclusion
Certain occupations and industries increase lung cancer risks among workers. These occupational exposures should be identified, in order to put in place effective prevention strategies.Keywords:
Job-exposure matrix
Matrix metalloproteinases-11 (MMP-11) overexpression has been reported in various types of cancer including lung cancer. We aimed to examine the contribution of MMP-11 genotypes to lung cancer risk.In this case-control study, the MMP-11 rs738791, rs2267029, rs738792 and rs28382575 genotypes were determined among 358 lung cancer patients and 716 age- and gender-matched healthy control Taiwanese.The percentages of rs738791 CT and TT were 50.6% and 9.2% in the case group, slightly higher than 48.5% and 8.1% in the control group (p for trend=0.5638). The allelic analysis showed that the rs738791 T allele did not confer lung cancer risk compared with the C allele. Similarly, there was no association between rs2267029, rs738792 or rs28382575 and lung cancer risk. There was no joint effect of MMP-11 genotypes among ever smokers or non-smokers.The genotypes of MMP-11 play a minor role in determining lung cancer risk in Taiwan.
Lung cancer susceptibility
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Job-exposure matrix
Dupuytren's contracture
Association (psychology)
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A study to assess the association between the prevalence of hypospadias and maternal occupational exposure to potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals was carried out using data from the congenital anomaly register of the Office for National Statistics. The occupation of the mother is recorded in this register and to facilitate the assessment of maternal occupational exposure, a specific job–exposure matrix for potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals was developed. Seven categories of contaminants were evaluated (pesticides, polychlorinated organic compounds, phthalates, alkylphenolic compounds, bi-phenolic compounds, heavy metals and other substances). Maternal occupations were all coded using the 1980 version of Categories of Occupations. Three occupational hygienists assessed the likelihood of exposure (unlikely, possible, probable) to these seven substance groups for all 348 possible job titles independently. Almost 30% of the job titles were classified as exposed to at least one substance category (possible or probable), with ∼16% of the job titles being probably exposed to at least one substance category. Some examples of occupations with probable exposure to potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals include: farm workers, electricians, workers in the plastics industry, painters, printers, hairdressers, dental practitioners, laboratory workers, textile workers and cleaners. It is recognized that there are a lot of limitations to the use of job–exposure matrices in general and with the matrix presented in this paper in particular. However, the matrix forms the basis on which further developments on occupational exposure assessment of potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals could be founded. In addition, the job–exposure matrix has identified areas where more exposure information is required. For example, exposure to potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals can occur in occupations such as hairdressing and workers in beauty salons, where the working population is more likely to be female and for which little data exist on levels of exposure.
Job-exposure matrix
Association (psychology)
Exposure Assessment
Matrix (chemical analysis)
Multiple exposure
Endocrine disruptor
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Background Although several studies highlighted an association between occupational exposure and Dupuytren’s contracture (DC), they were often limited by the highly selected population. We aimed to study this association using a job-exposure matrix (JEM) and self-reported exposure in a large cohort. Methods From CONSTANCES, a French population-based prospective cohort, we retrieved sex, age, social position, alcohol/tobacco intake and diabetes. Lifetime exposures were assessed by two different methods: with the biomechanical JEM ‘JEM Constances’, we assessed exposure to vibration and/or forearm rotation for participants whose work history was available, and from a self-administered questionnaire, we retrieved self-reported exposure to arduous work and/or carrying heavy loads. Surgery for DC was collected from the French Health Administrative database from 2009 to 2016. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for confounders were built to assess association between surgery for DC and occupational exposures. Results Work history was retrieved for 23 795 subjects among whom 98 underwent surgery for DC. Adjusted OR (aOR) was 2.08 (1.03–4.2) for being ever exposed to vibration and/or forearm rotation for subjects <60 years and 1.20 (0.69–2.08) for subjects ≥60 years. Data for self-reported exposure were available for 81 801 participants among whom 367 underwent surgery for DC. aOR for being exposed more than 20 years to arduous work and/or carrying heavy loads was 2.01 (1.32–3.04) for subjects <60 years and 1.04 (0.7–1.54) for subjects ≥60. Conclusions Manual work is associated with surgery for DC among younger subjects. Monitoring exposed workers is important to prevent future functional limitations.
Job-exposure matrix
Dupuytren's contracture
Association (psychology)
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Job-exposure matrix
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This study estimates the number of exposed workers and the prevalence of occupational benzene exposure in Brazil. Due to the lack of available local measurements for the study, data were used from an occupational exposure matrix, the Finnish National Job-Exposure Matrix (FINJEM), which covers proportions of individuals exposed to benzene, calculated as environmental measures. In Brazil, the 2010 Demographic Census identified 86,353,839 workers in the workforce and employed. Applying the FINJEM parameters, an estimated 7,376,761 (8.5%) belonged to potentially exposed occupational groups, while 770,212 were considered exposed to benzene, corresponding to an occupational group-weighted prevalence of 0.9%, higher in men (1.1%) than in women (0.6%). Exposed individuals were concentrated in the category of Machine and Motor Operators and Mechanics (62%). The number of exposed and prevalence of occupational exposure to benzene are high, even when compared to Finnish parameters, suggesting the need for monitoring and control of this carcinogen in Brazil.
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Occupational cancer
Exposure Assessment
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The aim was to develop a new up-to-date and comprehensive job exposure matrix (JEM) for estimating exposure to potential endocrine disruptors in epidemiological research.Chemicals with endocrine disrupting properties were identified from the literature and classified into 10 chemical groups: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated organic compounds, pesticides, phthalates, organic solvents, bisphenol A, alkylphenolic compounds, brominated flame retardants, metals and a miscellaneous group. Most chemical groups were divided into three to six subgroups. Focusing on the years 1996-2006, three experts scored the probability of exposure to each chemical group and subgroup for 353 job titles as "unlikely" (0), "possible" (1) or "probable" (2). Job titles with positive exposure probability scores were provided with exposure scenarios that described the reasoning behind the scores.Exposure to any chemical group was unlikely for 238 job titles (67%), whereas 102 (29%) job titles were classified as possibly (17%) or probably (12%) exposed to one or several endocrine disruptors. The remaining 13 job titles provided too little information to classify exposure. PAHs, pesticides, phthalates, organic solvents, alkylphenolic compounds and metals were often linked to a job title in the JEM. The remaining chemical groups were found to involve very few occupations.Despite some important limitations, this JEM could be a valuable tool for exposure assessment in studies on the health risks of endocrine disruptors, especially when task specific information is incorporated. The documented exposure scenarios are meant to facilitate further adjustments to the JEM to allow more widespread use.
Job-exposure matrix
Matrix (chemical analysis)
Exposure Assessment
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Any study of the long-term health effects of diesel exhaust exposure requires past exposure to be assessed. Few historical measurements of occupational exposure to elemental carbon (EC) are available, so past exposure must be assessed using models and judgments based on indirect data. A job-exposure matrix (JEM) for historical occupational exposure to diesel exhaust based on EC is presented. Past exposure to EC in occupations with a high exposure to diesel exhaust was assessed using an eight-step process. The assessments were based on technical specific data and NO2-exposure data, and a current EC-exposure measurement program. Finally, group assessment was carried out by consensus. Temporal variations in exposure were assessed for different groups. The matrix was constructed to assess annual average EC exposure for 72 occupations between 1950 and 2004. EC exposure between 1950 and 2004 varied between 1 and 247 µg/m3, for farmers in 2000 and miners in 1975 respectively, and was generally highest in the 1970s. The JEM allows lifetime diesel exhaust exposure intensity in 72 occupations to be assessed and used in epidemiological studies.
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Exposure Assessment
Health effect
Inhalation exposure
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A job exposure matrix combining features to increase the accuracy of exposure assessment was developed to evaluate cancer risks from workplace exposures to six chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs). A detailed description of the matrix is provided to satisfy the need for more in-depth discussion of exposure assessment methods than is typical in today's epidemiologic literature. The matrix assigns semiquantitative estimates of the probability and intensity of exposure to each four-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) and Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) code potentially associated with exposure to each CAH. The matrix also accounts for the changing patterns of use of the CAHs by decade from the 1920s to the 1980s. An algorithm combines these parameters to assign each study subject a unique lifetime probability of exposure and an estimated score of cumulative exposure for each CAH. These assignments can then become the subjects of analyses. The ability of the matrix to reduce the number of false positive exposure assessments is discussed and illustrated. A companion paper describes the detailed epidemiologic findings of this application of the matrix.
Job-exposure matrix
Exposure Assessment
Matrix (chemical analysis)
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Aim of the study was to assess the occupational exposure to benzene by mean of a job-exposure matrix, which classified job titles according to the level of exposure to benzene. This study consisted of 3 parts: (i) the analysis of the literature which takes into account the biological and environmental monitoring studies of workers exposed to benzene, (ii) the statistical analysis (cluster join-analysis) of biological monitoring data leading to the development of the job-exposure matrix, (iii) the validation of the matrix. The job-exposure matrix allows the estimate of the exposure to benzene according to job and is suggested as a tool to be used when environmental monitoring data are not available.
Job-exposure matrix
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Exposure Assessment
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