Perfluoroalkyl Group-Covered Organosilica Films for the Sensitive Detection of Sulfonylurea Herbicides in Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry
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Simple and rapid screening of agrochemicals greatly contributes to food and environmental safety. Matrix-free laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) is an effective tool for high-throughput analysis of low-molecular-weight compounds. In this study, we report a UV-laser-absorbing organosilica film for the sensitive detection of various sulfonylurea herbicides using LDI-MS. Organosilica films with fluoroalkyl groups on the organic part are fabricated, followed by additional modification of the silica moiety with a fluoroalkyl coupling agent to cover the film surface with hydrophobic fluoroalkyl groups. Nanoimprinting is conducted to impart nanostructures on the film surface to enhance the LDI performance. The fabricated nanostructured organosilica films accomplish sensitive detection of cyclosulfamuron and azimsulfuron at concentrations as low as 1 fmol μL–1. The applicability of the nanostructured organosilica films is confirmed by the recovery of cyclosulfamuron and ethametsulfuron-methyl from pea sprouts (Pisum sativum) hydroponically grown in herbicide-spiked water at concentrations of 0.5 ppm.Keywords:
Sulfonylurea
Surface Modification
The advance on the development of sulfonylurea herbicide was briefly reviewed in this paper. This article su-mmarized the advantage,the mode of action,residual and injury. The future development of sulfonylurea herbicide was evaluated. The structures and bioactivities of mentioned herbicides were also involved.
Sulfonylurea
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D301 weakly basic resin was used as an adsorbent for Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption and desorption.The effect of the adsorption time,adsorption tempreture and pH on adsorption capacity were discussed.The adding amount and time of desorption agent on adsorption capacity were analyzed.The experimental results indicated that it facilitated to adsorb for Cr(Ⅵ)in acid medium at pH=2,the equilibrium time of adsorption was achieved within 6 h,the adsorption isotherm could be fitted by the Langmuir equation.The desorption showed better performance with 3% NaOH and desorption time was 30 min,the desorption rate could be reached 97.59%,three times adsorption desorption proved its excellent adsorption for Cr(Ⅵ).
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The sulfonylurea herbicides have been characterized by broad-spectrum weed control at exceptionally low dosage, good crop selectivity and low mammalian toxicity. This article summarizes the general situation of research, development and application, and the mode of action of sulfonylurea herbicides; it talks about the most important problems such as herbicide resistance and drug resistance remaining during its development and application, and indicates the direction of its development and the strategies of solving the problems.
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Background: Due to several limitations in the study designs of sulfonylurea pharmacogenomics studies, we investigated the clinical and genetic predictors of secondary sulfonylurea failure in Type 2 diabetes patients. Materials & methods: Patients receiving the maximum sulfonylurea and metformin doses for >1 year were enrolled. Secondary sulfonylurea failure was defined as HbA1c >7.0% (>53 mmol/mol) after a 12-month follow-up. Results: By multivariate analysis, increased insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), baseline HbA1c >7.0%, residing in eastern Peninsular Malaysia, and the CC genotype of rs757110 ABCC8 gene polymorphism were independent predictors of secondary sulfonylurea failure (p < 0.05) while sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia was protective against such failure (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Sulfonylurea does not benefit patients with an increased risk of secondary sulfonylurea failure.
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Studies on the methods of indoor modeling addition and pot culture showed that there was different sensitivity of different maize varieties to 3 kinds sulfonylurea herbicides. The concentration of 3 kinds of sulfonylurea herbicides beyond ED 10 had obvious effect on length of roots, height of plant, area of leaves in maize seedling. The half life of tribenuron, thifensulfuron methyl and bensulfuron methyl was 3.6 d, 6.3 d,15.4 d respectively. Under the application dose that used in the wheat field,only the tribenuron methyl among 3 kinds of sulfonylurea herbicides resulted in damage to the next maize crop.
Sulfonylurea
Degradation
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Objective Sulfonylurea compounds are a large variety of drugs which are applied to clinical use very early.Although the hypoglycemic effect of the various kinds of sulfonylurea compounds is different,the hypoglycemic effect of each such compound is almost the same if its dose is properly adjusted.Therefore,sulfonylurea compounds play an important role in treating type 2 diabetes.Their antihyperglycemic mechanism is mainly to stimulate insulin to release so as to reduce the blood sugar.At present,it is the second-generation sulfonylurea compounds that are widely applied to clinical use.The rational use of the second-generation sulfonylurea compounds and the close observation of their security can reduce and evade severe drug adverse reaction.
Sulfonylurea
Blood sugar
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In order to develop new herbicidal active compounds and study the structure-activity relationship,nineteen new sulfonylurea compounds were synthesized.Their structures were confirmed via 1H NMR,MS and elemental analysis.The preliminary herbicidal activity of these new sulfonylurea compounds was determined with rape disc assay and pot bioassay experiments.The results show that most of the sulfonylureas consisting of 4,5,6-trisubstituted pyrimidines displayed a herbicidal activity at 1.5 kg/ha.
Sulfonylurea
Proton NMR
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Sulfonylurea
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Benzoic acid
Proton NMR
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Sulfonylurea is a series of herbicide,which involves the most varieties of compound and the deepest research.Its sale in the world ranks second place within all seriese of herbicide.The market and products and intermediates of sulfonylurea herbicides are introduced.
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Using the method of modeling addition indoor, the sensitivity of sulfonylurea herbicideS to mai2e was studied. In addition, with the method of planting in pot, the effect of sulfonylurea herbicides to maize in seedling was observed.Finally,with bioassay method, the residue dynamics of sulfonylurea herbicides in wheat soil was detected. The results showed that there were different sensitivities to sulfonylurea herbicides among different maize varieties. The concentration of three kinds of sulfonylurea herbicides beyond ED10 hadan obvious effect on length of roots, height of plant,area of leaves in maize seedling. In the residue dynamics test in wheat soil, the residue time of sulfometuron-methyl is the longest; bensulfuron-methyl,the second;tribenuron-methyl,the shortest.
Sulfonylurea
Residue (chemistry)
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