Three New Steriodal Saponins from the Rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis Baker
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The phytochemical constituent investigation on the 70 % ethanol extract of the rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis Baker resulted in the isolation of three new steroidal saponins which were named tuchinosides A-C (1-3). Their structures were determined by extensive spectrum analysis and chemical evidence, especially 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS techniques. In addition, the cytotoxicity of compounds 1-3 against several human cancer cell lines was evaluated.Keywords:
Phytochemical
Cancer cell lines
The present paper deals with the physicochemical and phytochemical examination of seventy‐six medicinal plants belonging to thirty‐six dicot and six monocot families. These are used in indigenous system of medicine as well as local inhabitants either as single drugs or in combination, for the cure of various ailments. In physicochemical study, the parameters such as moisture content, p H (1% aqueous), total ash, acid insoluble ash, water‐soluble extractive and alcohol soluble extractive were carried out. The preliminary phytochemical study was done for the detection of secondary metabolites such as alkaloid, flavonoid, glycoside, phenol, saponin, resin, steroid and tannin. The preliminary phytochemical study revealed the presence of alkaloid and saponin in 68.4%; flavonoid in 44.7%; glycoside, phenol and steroid in 72.37%; resin in 60.5% and tannin in 71% of selected medicinal plants.
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A phytochemical screening of fifty five Iranian plants belonging to 21 families was carried out. A qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed for the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins and flavonoids. The medicinal uses of these plants are also reported. Keyword: Iranian plants; Phytochemical screening; Alkaloids; Tannins; Saponins; Flavonoids.
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The red seaweed Laurencia viridis is a rich source of secondary metabolites derived from squalene. New polyethers, such as iubol (2), 22-hydroxy-15(28)- dehydrovenustatriol (3), 1,2-dehydropseudodehydrothyrsiferol (4), and secodehydrothyrsiferol (5) have been isolated and characterized from this alga. The structures were determined through the interpretation of NMR spectroscopic data and the relative configuration was proposed on the basis of NOESY spectrum and biogenetic considerations. All new compounds exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against a panel of cancer cell lines.
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This study aims to obtain data on the phytochemical content of the methanol extract of Baringtonia asiatica. Obtain data on the phytochemical content of the B. asiatica clorform extract. This research was carried out in the Biology laboratory and Chemistry Laboratory, State University of Manado. The study consisted of extraction and phytochemical analysis using the Harborne method, the results showed that from the extraction process the highest yield was obtained in extracts with n-hexane solvent, then chloroform and methanol. The results of phytochemical analysis show that saponins are the phytochemical group with the strongest intensity found compared to other phytochemical groups. Furthermore, flavonoids were found in high intensity also in the analyzed samples.
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1 Solidago altissima forms large compact below‐ground rhizome systems. The rhizome systems of 30 genets in a population that had colonized an old‐field in 1984 were mapped yearly in situ from 1988 to 1992. Branching angles, lengths and survival of rhizomes, and production of daughter rhizomes, were calculated from digitized maps. 2 We hypothesized that genets of S. altissima would prevent intraclonal crowding by producing longer but fewer rhizomes as they increased in size. In addition, we tested the effects of environmental factors on rhizome dynamics by (i) mowing in late summer, (ii) cutting of rhizome connections, and (iii) removal of close neighbour plants. 3 Most rhizomes were initiated at an angle of 60°−65° relative to the parent rhizome. Subsequent growth tended towards the parent axis and towards more centrifugal growth. Rhizome angles were not influenced by any treatment. 4 In control genets, rhizome density increased 1.3‐fold from March 1988 to March 1992. The number of newly produced rhizomes per genet decreased and their length increased from 1988 to 1992. Longer rhizomes had a higher survival probability than shorter rhizomes did. The number of newly produced rhizomes per parent rhizome was positively correlated with mean rhizome length per genet. 5 Mowing strongly decreased rhizome density from 1988 to 1992, mainly due to reduced production of new rhizomes. 6 Rhizome cutting led to a slight decline in the rhizome population and to shorter lengths of rhizomes in their second year compared with controls. 7 The removal of close neighbour plants led to increased rhizome densities. These rhizomes grew longer than controls in unmown plots and shorter in mown plots and had higher probabilities of surviving into their second year. 8 Yearly mowing could successfully prevent the further spread of S. altissima because it acts on rhizome and shoot dynamics as well as on seed output.
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This study evaluated anticancer potential of three Terminalia species, Terminalia muelleri, Terminalia bellerica, and Terminalia laxiflora and also their phytochemical content were determined. Anticancer potential of the plant extracts was measured according to MTT assay. The results showed that T. muelleri methanolic extract was active against breast cancer cell line with IC50 40 µg/mL. T. bellerica methanolic extract exerted cytotoxic effects only against colon cancer and liver cancer cell lines with IC50 of 50 and 15µg/mL, respectively. While T. laxiflora methanolic extract did not inhibit the proliferation of all cancer cell lines tested. Phytochemical investigation of the three plant species proved the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannins, and triterpenes. The methanolic extracts of T. muelleri and T. bellerica had a significant anticancer activity and so further phytochemical study to isolate and identify the bioactive molecules responsible for the observed anticancer activity is necessary.
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Cancer cell lines
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Combretaceae
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Phytochemical tests provide information about the phytochemical constituents like carbohydrates, proteins, phenolic compounds and alkaloids of plant extract. Phytochemical test were performed out by following standards procedure
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5 Abstract: Phytochemical screening tests were performed first before bulk extractions. Phytochemical screening resulted in the isolation of new and novel compounds proved to be a leading candidate to fight diseases including cancer. Aerial parts of E prostrate, E. milii, E. hirta and E. helioscopia were used for phytochemical screening for the presence of different classes of secondary metabolites. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of terpenoids, flavonoides and tannins which are given in Table (2-5). The IR spectroscopy of the crude extracts indicated the presence of OH, CH stretching saturated, C=O, C=C, NO C-N, Ar-O, C-O-, R-O-, 2, C-Cl Stretching respectively.
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