Expression pattern of long non-coding RNA growth arrest-specific 5 in the remission induction therapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Gašić VladimirStanković BiljanaBranka ZukićJanić Mihailo DraganaLidija DokmanovićNada KrstovskiJelena LazićGoran MiloševićMarianna LucafòGabriele StoccoGiuliana DecortiPavlović SonjaNikola Kotur
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Using a transplantable mouse leukemia (L7212) , a T-cell ALL, a similar model to human minimal residual leukemia was reproduced. At the 3rd day after inoculation of S.C. 1.0 ×106 cells, the mice were injected i.p. with a single high dose of cyclophosphamide (250mg/kg) . The mice treated with CTX survived longer time, number of leukemia cells remained in the body was the lowest, and the rate of leukemia relapse was the highest. The results were quite stable. Therefore, this model could be used to study minimal residual leukemia. According to the detection of residual leukemia cells in the spleen, liver and peripheral blood, the distribution of residual leukemia cells was not homologous. The migration of leukemia cells from local organs to circulation blood was very rapid. The count of WBC in peripheral blood and the weight of liver and spleen in the relapsed leukemia was higher than that of non-treated leukemia mice, and the G0 + Gl phase cells of relapsed leukemia was also higher. It was helpful for studying human residual leukemia.
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Mouse leukemia; minimal residual leukemia; leukemia relapse
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With the purpose to take the statistics of clinical records of leukemia, the author analyzed the total of 242 cases of leukemia admitted in the leading hospitals of the Chugoku-Shikoku District (excluding Hiroshima Prefecture) and obtained the following results.1. The total cases of leukemia can be divided into 88 cases of acute myelogenous leukemia, 70 cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia, 48 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia, 4 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 2 cases of erythro-leukemia, 17 cases of monocytic leukemia, 8 cases of unclassified acute leukemia, and one completely unclassified case.2. As for the difference in the incidence by sex, the male occupies 62 per cent of the whole, but 75 per cent of lymphocytic leukemia proving to occupy a far greater proportion of male whereas in monocytic leukemia the female occupies a far greater proportion as much as 53 per cent.3. As for the age distribution those under 25 years of age occupy the majority. According to the types, in the acute leukemia, especially in lymphocytic leukemia the greater part is occupied by younger persons, while in chronic leukemia those in the age range between 35-and 39 years present the peak, and even in the age beyond this range can be found quite many cases. The same also applies to monocytic leukemia.4. No characteristic feature attributable to occupation can be recognized.5. There have been 3 cases (1.3%) showing family history of leukemia and 17 cases (7.0%) showing family history of cancer.6. There are included 5 cases of atomic bomb survivors. As for the anamnestic history there are 6 cases of malaria and 5 cases each of pleurisy and pneumonia.7. When the symptoms at the Onset of the disease such as subjective complaints and somatic symptoms are arranged in the order of the frequency by the types, they are as follows.Initial symptoms: in acute myelogenous leukemia: fever, general malaise, anemia, hemorrhagic tendency; in acute lymphocytic leukemia: fever, general malaise, anemia, the swelling of the lymph nodes, and pain; in chronic myelogenous leukemia: general malaise, the swelling of spleen, anemia, bulging of the abdomen, fever; in monocytic leukemia: fever, general malaise and hemorrhagic tendency.Subjective complaints: In acute myelogenous leukemia: fever, bleeding tendency, anemia, general malaise; in acute lymphocytic leukemia: fever, anemia, swelling of the lymph nodes, general malaise, hemorrhagic tendency; in chronic myelogenous leukemia: tumor in the abdomen, (bulging of the abdomen and swelling of the spleen), general malaise, fever, anemia, pain; in monocytic leukemia: fever, general malaise, bleeding tendency, anemia, and pain.Somatic symptoms: in acute myelogenous leukemia: anemia, fever, general malaise, fatigue, general emaciation; in acute lymphocytic leukemia: anemia, fever, general malaise, fatigue, emaciation; in chronic myelogenous leukemia: anemia, general malaise, fatigue, fever, emaciation: in monocytic leukemia: anemia, fever, general malaise, fatigue and general emaciation.8. Dilatation of lymph nodes and swelling of the spleen can be found in 77.3 per cent and 49.0 per cent respectively of acute myelogenous leukemia: in 93.8 and 66.7 per cent of acute lymphocytic leukemia; in 61.5 and 94.3 per cent of chronic myelogenous leukemia; in 100.00 and 100.0 per cent in chronic lymphocytic leukemia; and in 76.4 and 23.5 per cent of monocytic leukemia, especially the enlargement of the spleen in chronic myelogenous leukemia is marked.9. Hemorrhagic tendency can be observed in 70 per cent of acute myelogenous leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia, and in 40-60 per cent of other types.10. Symptoms of the digestive organs are stronger in acute leukemia than in chronic leukemia. In the latter the feeling of bulging abdomen is frequent, while in acute myelogenous leukemia and monocytic leukemia stomatitis and buccal ulcers are more frequently encountered.
Acute monocytic leukemia
Acute lymphocytic leukemia
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Chronic leukemia
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Study of the death certificates of 876 spouses of widows and widowers who died of leukemia revealed that seven of the spouses also died of leukemia. However, five cases of leukemia were identified among matched controls of the spouses. The incidence of leukemia in husbands and wives of individuals who die of leukemia is not significantly greater than that of a control group. This is consistent with the hypothesis that adult leukemia is not contagious in the usual sense.
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A case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in an adult patient has been presented. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a neoplastic process in which the leukocyte precursors have been transformed and no longer respond to the forces that normally regulate their proliferation and maturation. The symptomatology, diagnostic procedures, and treatment modality have been discussed. Unfortunately, although complete remission was obtained for two years, the patient developed recurrent acute lymphoblastic leukemia and subsequently died from a massive, uncontrollable infection.
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