Baseline ultrasound and FDG-PET/CT imaging in Merkel cell carcinoma
Lisanne ZijlkerMax BakkerBernies van der HielAnnemarie BruiningM. KlopCharlotte L. ZuurMichel W.J.M. WoutersAlexander C.J. van Akkooi
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Hepatic hemangioma is usually detected on a routine ultrasound examination because of silent clinical behaviour. The typical ultrasound appearance of hemangioma is easily recognizable and quickly guides the diagnosis without the need for further investigation. But there is also an entire spectrum of atypical and uncommon ultrasound features and our review comes to detail these particular aspects. An atypical aspect in standard ultrasound leads to the continuation of explorations with an imaging investigation with contrast substance [ultrasound/ computed tomography/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)]. For a clinician who practices ultrasound and has an ultrasound system in the room, the easiest, fastest, non-invasive and cost-effective method is contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Approximately 85% of patients are correctly diagnosed with this method and the patient has the correct diagnosis in about 30 min without fear of malignancy and without waiting for a computer tomography (CT)/MRI appointment. In less than 15% of patients CEUS does not provide a conclusive appearance; thus, CT scan or MRI becomes mandatory and liver biopsy is rarely required. The aim of this updated review is to synthesize the typical and atypical ultrasound aspects of hepatic hemangioma in the adult patient and to propose a fast, non-invasive and cost-effective clinical-ultrasound algorithm for the diagnosis of hepatic hemangioma.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound
Liver Hemangioma
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From 1950 to 1973, 169 patients received irradiation for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The average survival time was 10 months, with 7% of the patients living 2 years or more. The median survival time was 7 months; palliation averaged 6 months. Most completing therapy (89%) achieved some palliation: 66% had significant relief of dysphagia for 2 months or longer. The anatomical location of the malignant obstruction did not influence therapeutic response: there was similar response in cases of upper, middle, and lower esophageal lesions. Thirty patients with progressive obstruction underwent endoesophageal intubation with Celestin tube placement; this procedure provided symptomatic relief with minimal morbidity.
Esophageal disease
Palliative Treatment
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Neuroendocrine carcinoma
Merkel cell
Skin tumor
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Objective To investigate the experiences and methods of interventional ultrasound treatment of ovarian cysts.Methods We retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 180 patients with ovarian cysts undergoing ultrasound-guided treatment.The clinical effect was observed after alcohol sclerosis therapy.Results A total of 179 patients(99.4%) were successfully treated by the ultrasound-guided aspiration without severe significant complications.Three patients(1.7%) recurred during the 24-month follow-up.Conclusion The clinical effect of ultrasound-guided aspiration and alcohol sclerosis was satisfactory.
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Objective:To compare the clinical value of ultrasound and CT in the diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods:The CT and ultrasound results of 48 cases,who were diagnosed as small hepatocellular carcinoma by ultrasound,were compared.Results:Among the 48 cases diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma by ultrasound,6 cases were misdiagnosed,so the diagnostic rate of ultrasound was 87.5%,while,5 cases were missed by CT,so the diagnostic rate of CT was 89.6%.Conclusion:Small hepatocellular carcinoma has typical imaging characteristics both in ultrasound and CT examinations,but in the early stage, misdiagnosis may take place in CT examination.This is mainly because of the small lesion and the absence of typical tissue necrosis,which may result from the equal density of the lesion and deficiency of hepatic artery blood supply.The combination of ultrasound with digital subtraction angiography(DSA) can enhance the detection rate of small hepatocellular carcinoma.
Digital subtraction angiography
Blood supply
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PULMONARY EMBOLUS
Endobronchial ultrasound
Embolus
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