In-situ preparation of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles on eggshell membrane-activated carbon for microwave absorption
Hassan SoleimaniJemilat Yetunde YusufLee Kean ChuanHojjatollah SoleimaniMustapha Lutfi bin SabarAndreas ÖchsnerZulkifly AbbasAsmau Iyabo BalogunGregory Kozlowski
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This study explores the potential of using cobalt ferrite (CF) nanoparticles grown in situ on eggshell membranes (ESM) to mitigate the increasing problem of electromagnetic interference (EMI). A simple carbonization process was adopted to synthesize CF nanoparticles on ESM. The study further examines the composites' surface morphology and chemical composition and evaluates their microwave absorption performance (MAP) at X-band frequency. Results showed that the composite of CF and ESM - CESM@CF, exhibited a strong RL peak value of -39.03 mm with an optimal thickness of 1.5 mm. The combination of CF and ESM demonstrates excellent impedance matching and EM wave attenuation. The presence of numerous interfaces, conduction loss from the morphology, interfacial polarisation, and dual influence from both CF and ESM contribute to the high MAP of the composite. CESM@CF composite is projected as an excellent biomass-based nano-composite for EM wave absorption applications.Keywords:
Reflection loss
Eggshell membrane
Reflection loss
Eggshell membrane
Carbon fibers
Nanocages
Heteroatom
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The WO3 nano-material with eggshell membrane biomorphology was successfully prepared using eggshell membrane as a template by an easy and environment-friendly aqueous soakage technique followed by calcination treatment.The phase composition and microstructure of the prepared WO3 nano-material were characterized by XRD and TEM,and the gas sensing properties of gas sensors fabricated with the prepared WO3 nano-material was evaluated via the static volumetric method.The results show that the as-synthesized material is monoclinic WO3 which replicated the interwoven meshwork conformation of eggshell membrane exactly.The sensitivity of gas sensor to H2S(volume fraction of 30×10-6) reaches 89 at 200 ℃ with a short response time of less than 2 s.
Eggshell membrane
Volume fraction
Monoclinic crystal system
Morphology
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In order to study the chemical compositions and surface properties of longan seed (Daw) activated charcoal, the influences of a phosphoric acid activation process was investigated before and after carbonization. Carbonization temperatures in this study were ranged from 400 - 800°C. It was found that higher carbonization temperatures resulted in a high amount of organic carbon and ashes, while the volatile matters were reversely lowered at higher carbonization temperatures. For carbonization temperatures studied between 400 - 800°C, the activated charcoal possessed a higher iodine number in comparison to the longan seed activated charcoal. Also, the longan seed activated charcoal, being activated by phosphoric acid prior to carbonization, had a greater iodine number than the one being activated by phosphoric acid and then undergoing carbonization. The highest iodine number was obtained from longan seed activated charcoal carbonized at 500°C. Surface properties of activated charcoal showed a loss of its side chains and inherent functionalities while being run through high carbonization temperatures, however, the P-O-C remained intact, especially under carbonization temperatures lower than 700°C. The surface images of the activated charcoal showed more rough.
Key words: Longan seed, carbonization, charcoal, activated charcoal, phosphoric acid.
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Phosphoric acid
Activated Charcoal
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By techniques of one-step and two-step carbonization, and capped and uncapped carbonization, the pyrolysis on the thinning wood of Chinese fir, one of the fastest growing tree species in south China, was carried out. With special focus on the variation of Raman spectra and X-ray diffraction analysis of carbonized materials under different carbonization conditions, comprehensive analyses of charcoals were conducted. Results show that, with temperature rising, the graphite-like microcrystal and carbon atoms at the edge of graphite-like microcrystal increase rapidly. As a result, the hexagon carbon plane structure in carbonized material keeps growing. Moreover, the experiments reveal that carbonization condition has great effects on the property and structure of carbonized material, and 700 degrees C is the critical temperature at which the qualitative change of carbonized material occurs. Furthermore, formation and growth of graphite-like microcrystal in carbonized material, two-step method is more beneficial than one-step method, uncapped container carbonization method is better than the capped one, and using air as atmosphere gas is better than using N2. Samples with longer holding time in the process of carbonization enjoy higher graphitization extent.
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Carbon fibers
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Eggshell membrane
Biomaterial
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Eggshell membrane
Biocompatible material
Biomaterial
Natural materials
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Carbon fibers
Depolymerization
Specific surface area
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Objective: Eggshell membrane (ESM), the protein and collagen-rich membrane between the eggshell and egg white, has usually been regarded as waste and overlooked. However, its potential is now being highlighted in many industrial and technological applications. In the literature natural bioactive compounds (NBCs) have been used together with various proteins. Methods: Preparation and characterization methods of the eggshell and eggshell membrane is summarised. Results: Various studies showed how to utilize eggshell membranes as an adsorbent, scaffold, wound dressing, and vascular graft. Due to the chemical composition of the eggshell membrane, its superior binding and adsorptive properties increase the stability of the bioactive compounds. Conclusion: This review focuses on the potential utilization of eggshell membranes as functional food and nutraceutical.
Eggshell membrane
Nutraceutical
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Crystal (programming language)
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